Chemical Dust Suppression Technology and Its Applications in Mines (Open-pit Mines)

Yuan Wang is a lecturer of University of Science and Technology Beijing, focuses on the study of mine dust control, occupational health and safety, mining intelligent ventilation, road dust suppression technology, undertook/participated in the one national "13th Five-Year Plan" major project; one NSF project; one project supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; more than ten horizontal projects, has won two provincial-and-ministerial second-class scientific and technical awards, obtained two authorized patents, and published over ten papers.

Cuifeng Du is a professor of University of Science and Technology Beijing, a member of CSM metallurgy safety and health specialized committee, a non-coal mine safety expert of Shandong Emergency Management Office, mainly engaged in research fields of mine dust and toxic gases control, mine ventilation and cooling, mine disaster prevention and control technology, occupational health safety, undertook one NSF project; one provincial-and-ministerial level project; more than fifty horizontal projects, has won eleven provincial-and-ministerial level scientific and technical awards, published four monographs, obtained three authorized patents, and published over forty papers.

Jiuzhu Wang has a Ph.D. of University of Science and Technology Beijing and mainly engaged in the research of mine dust pollution control, participated in three projects including NSF Project, National Key Research and Development Project of China, and published two papers as the first author. During the doctoral period, Jiuzhu Wang focused on studying the mechanisms of dust generation in different mine worksites through numerical simulation based on similarity theory, analyzed the mechanisms of dust generation in different mine worksites and the flow field distribution of the dust in the environment, and proposed targeted dust control measures according to the dust time-space distribution characteristics in hope of provide guidance for mine dust pollution control.

Huaiyu Li is a professor of University of Science and Technology Beijing, has been engaged in scientific research and teaching tasks in the field of mine safety and environmental protection for a long time, has successively completed the national Eighth Five-Year Public Relations Project, "Blasting Smoke Pollution Comprehensive Prevention Technology Research in Deep Concave Open-pit Mine" and "Intermittent Continuous System and Post Dust Prevention Comprehensive Technology Research," won the national second prize of Science and Technology Progress Award of Economic and Trade Commission and the third prize of Science and Technology Progress Award of Liaoning Province and published more than 30 papers.     

This book focuses on the study of chemical dust suppression in mine dust pollution control by means of theories, experiments, computer simulation, and case application, aiming at providing chemical dust suppression solutions for mining worksites. It has seven chapters, including the following contents: (1) introduces fundamental theories and applications of chemical dust suppression, analyzes the dust source intensity of worksites and the mechanisms of dust generation, and summarizes the dust control measures for different mining worksites. (2) According to the mechanisms of dust generation in different mining worksites, targeted dust suppressants were developed. Through optimization by monomer experiment and orthogonal experiment, the optimum formula of different types of dust suppressants was obtained, and its properties were characterized. (3) The dust suppressant field application process was introduced, and the economic benefits were analyzed. This book is expected to provide valuable references both for researchers and engineering technicians engaged in environmental engineering, safety engineering, occupational health, and mining metallurgical engineering, and it also serves as a textbook for graduate students in above disciplines.

1.1 Dust source in open-pit mine. 7

1.1.1 Dust generated by drilling operation. 7

1.1.2 Dust generated by drilling operation. 8

1.1.3 Dust generated by shoveling and loading operation. 8

1.1.4 Dust generated by transportation operation. 8

1.1.5 Dust generated by dumping operation. 8

1.2 Calculation of the intensity of dust source in the mine. 9

1.2.1 Source intensity of the mine. 9

1.2.2 Calculation of the source intensity of the mine. 10

1.3 Development status of chemical depression of dust 16

1.3.1 Research status of dust suppressants abroad. 17

1.3.2 Research status of domestic dust suppressants 19

1.3.3 Development trend of chemical dust suppressants 21

Reference. 22

2 Basic theory of chemical suppression of dust 24

2.1 Properties of mine dust ^[1-5] 25

2.1.1 Wettability of mine dust^[1] 25

2.1.2 Density of mine dust^[2] 26

2.1.3 Specific surface area of mine dust^[3] 27

2.1.4 Suspensibility and cohesiveness of mine dust^[3] 27

2.1.5 Particle size and size distribution of mine dust^[4-5] 28

2.2 Basic theory of chemical suppression of dust 34

2.2.1 Surface tension and surface free energy^[6-9] 34

2.2.2 Measurement of surface tension ^[10-11] 39

2.2.3 Wetting phenomenon ^[9-12] 51

2.2.4 Determination method of wettability^[13] 54

2.2.5 Contact angle and Young's equation^[14] 54

2.2.7 Measurement of contact angle. 59

Reference. 62

3 Mechanism of Production and Transport of Blasting Dust and Smoke of Open-pit Mine and Study on Pollution Model 64

3.1 Mechanism of Production and Transport of Blasting Dust and Smoke of Open-pit Mine^[1] 64

3.2 Study on Pollution Model of Blasting Dust and Toxic Gases 65

3.2.1 Diffusion and Settling of Blasting Dust 65

3.2.2 Mathematical Model of Gaseous Substance Motion of the Dust and Smoke. 68

3.2.3 Evaluation of Blasting Dust and Toxic Gases Pollution. 71

3.2.4 The Emission Intensity of the Blasting Dust and Toxic Gases 75

3.3 Computer Numerical Simulation Study on Mine Blasting Dust and Toxic Gases 78

3.3.1 Computer Numerical Simulation of the Initial Motion of Explosive Gas 78

3.3.2 Numerical Simulation of Movement Process of Blasting Dust Particles 81

Reference. 83

4 Chemical Suppression Technology of Open-pit Mine Blasting Dust and Smoke. 85

4.1 Control Measures on Open-pit Mine Blasting Dust 85

4.2 The Development of Water Enriched Gelatin Stemming. 91

4.2.2 The Development of Water Enriched Gelatin Stemming. 91

4.2.3 Dust and Toxic Gases Reduction Effect of Water Enriched Gelatin Stemming. 96

4.2.4 Dust Reduction Effect of Water Enriched Gelatin Stemming. 104

4.2.5 Dust and Toxic Gases Reduction Mechanism of Water Enriched Gelatin Stemming. 106

4.3 Development of Blasting Dust and Smoke Inhibitors of Open-pit Mine. 113

4.3.1 Dust Reduction Mechanism of Blasting Dust and Smoke Inhibitors 113

4.3.2 Component of Dust and Smoke Inhibitors 115

4.3.3 Monomer Experiment 120

4.3.4 Compounding Experiments of Surfactants and Hygroscopic Agents 143

4.3.5 Final Selection of Surfactant and Hygroscopic Agent 146

4.3.6 The Optimal Formula of The Dust and Smoke Inhibitor 149

4.4 Research on Blasting Dust Reduction with Foam.. 155

4.4.1 Formula Requirement of foaming agent 155

4.4.2 Development of Foaming Agent Formula. 160

4.4.3 Experimental Study on Foaming Generator Performance. 164

4.4.4 Experimental Results 166

4.4.5 Measurement of Foam Dust Removal Efficiency. 170

Reference. 172

5 Chemical Suppression of Dust Technology of Open Ore Stacking Yard. 174

5.1 Mechanics of Dust Production of Open Ore Stacking Yard ^[1-6] 174

5.2 Measures of Dust Prevention of Open Ore Stacking Yard. 174

5.3 Development of Dust Suppressants of Open Ore Stacking Yard. 176

5.3.1 The Dust-settling Mechanism of Dust Suppressants of Open Ore Stacking Yard^[21-22] 176

5.3.2 Single-Factor Experiment 179

5.3.3 Orthogonal Experiment 199

5.4 Performance Study on Dust Suppressants of Open Ore Stacking Yard. 207

5.4.1 The Basic Physicochemical Property of Dust Suppressants 208

5.4.2 Surface Curing Effect 209

5.4.3 Compressive Strength. 211

5.4.4Wind Erosion Resistance. 212

5.4.5 Rain Resistance. 215

5.4.6 Freeze-thaw Resistance Property. 216

Reference. 218

6 Chemical Dust Suppression Technology of Road Surface of Strip Mine. 220

6.1 Mechanisms of dust-raising on road surface of transportation roads of a strip mine^[1-2] 220

6.1.1 Dust anchoring load. 220

6.1.2 Dust-raising generated by the shear friction of automobile tires on the road surface. 221

6.1.3 Dust-raising generated by the mechanical wind load of the vehicle. 222

6.1.4 Dust raised by natural wind current on the road surface. 223

6.2 Influencing factors and control measures of dust-raising on transportation roads in strip mines 226

6.2.1 Influencing factors of dust-raising on the road surface of strip mines 226

6.2.2 Control measures for dust-raising on road surface. 228

6.3 Experimental Research on the Law of Dust-raising Diffusion on Road Surface. 230

6.4 Development of compound dust suppressant formula on the road surface. 236

6.4.1 Performance requirements of dust suppressants 236

6.4.2 Dust suppression mechanism of dust suppressant 237

6.4.3 Components of dust suppressant 241

6.4.4 Monomer experiment 242

6.4.5 Orthogonal experiment 264

6.4.6 Formula optimization experiment 275

6.4.7 Performance characteristics of dust suppressant 276

6.5 Hygroscopic dust suppressant for road surface. 282

6.5.1 Formula of hygroscopic dust suppressant for road surface. 282

6.5.2 Performance experiment of hygroscopic dust suppressant for road surface. 284

6.6 Moist dust suppressant for road surface. 285

6.6.1 Formula of moist dust suppressant for road surface. 285

6.6.2 Performance experiment of moist dust suppressant for road surface. 286

Reference. 293

7. Field application of mine dust suppressant 296

7.1. Application of blasting dust suppressant in open-pit mine. 296

7.1.1. Application of water-enriched gelatin stemming. 296

7.1.2 Application of foam in blasting. 305

7.1.3 Application of surfactant solution in blasting. 307

7.2 Application of dust suppressant in open-pit mine Yard. 320

7.2.1 Industrial test of hygroscopic dust suppressant in suppressing dust of stockpile. 320

7.2.2 Dust Floating Test of Adhesive Dust suppressant in Tailing Pond. 322

7.2.3 Dust suppression test of binding dust suppressant in open coal pile. 327

7.3 Application of Dust suppressant on Pavement in Open-pit mine. 330

7.3.1 Spring Road Dust suppressant Industrial Experiment-Shougang Shuichang Iron Mine  330

7.3.2 Industrial experiment of road dust suppressant in summer-Wulongquan Mine in Wuhan  340

7.3.3 Industrial Experiment of Pavement Dust suppressant in Autumn-Sijiaying Mine, Hebei 352

7.3.4 Industrial experiment of road dust suppressant in winter-Jianlin Mountain Iron Mine  374