Diabète sucré de type 2, stress oxydatif et déficiences visuelles

Professeur Docteur MVITU MUAKA Moïse est docteur en médecine de l¿Université de Kinshasa, Ophtalmologiste avec une sous spécialisation en rétine médicale de Aravind Eye Hospitals & Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Coimbatore, Inde. Il est auteur et co-auteur de plus de 30 publications scientifiques.

To determine the natural history of visual deficiencies due to type 2 diabetes mellitus challenging with oxidant/antioxidant imbalance. We conducted cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies from hospital and community-based surveys. There were 50 controls non diabetics and 1094 type 2 diabetics. Short diabetes mellitus duration (<5 years in 50% cases) and aging ( 60 years) were associated with VD. We found 100% of no control of diabetes mellitus and deficiency in vitamin C, 99.3%, 98.7%, 83.3%, 79.3%, 71.8%, and 63.3% of deficiencies in vitamin D, E, Zinc, total antioxidant capacity, gluthation Peroxidase, and selenium respectively. VD were associated with high levels of Thiobarbituric acid (87.7%), Guanosine (76%), 8-Isoprostane (74.7%), GGT (6.7%), and oxidized-LDL (63.3%). Frequency of VD increased with proportion of phenotypes of DR defined by macular edema: 62.7% (n=84/134) in absence of DR and macular edema, 100% (n=35/35) in isolated DR, and 100% (n=31/31) in combined DR + macular edema phenotype. VD in Bantu type 2 diabetics showed a new biomolecular phenotype charactezised by oxidative stress.