Revision of the smaller-bodied anthropoids from Napak, early Miocene, Uganda: 2011-2020 collections

Since the publication on the small-bodied catarrhines of Napak, Uganda, by Pickford et al. (2010) 173 additional teeth have been recovered from localities in the Iriri, Napak and Akisim members, some of them in maxillae and mandibles. The diversity of small catarrhines at Napak is high, with at least ten species recognised, one of which is incertae sedis. The new collections fill out the fossil record of several of the inadequately known taxa, and indicate the possibility that there are additional poorly represented lineages present. The expanded dental sample of Micropithecus clarki now available from Napak, reveals that all the fossils from Kenya attributed to this species fall outside the range of metric variation of the Napak sample. A revision of the Kenyan small-bodied "ape" samples is needed to clarify their status, as it is also clear that several of the Kenyan taxa as currently understood, such as Kalepithecus songhorensis, are chimaera, their hypodigms being mixtures of remains from two or three taxa. This situation renders previous cladistic analyses of doubtful value. A partial revision of some of the Kenyan taxa is undertaken herein, but a general revision is beyond the scope of this paper, the aim being to focus on the Napak assemblage in order to make it accessible to colleagues.Key words. Taxonomy, Systematics, Morphology, Adaptations, Catarrhines, Uganda, Early Miocene, Dentognathic, Maxillary sinus, Incisive foramen, Nasal aperture.

Foreword (Yves Coppens) p. 7Preface (Loïc Ségalen) p. 8Introduction p. 9Geological and Geochronological Contexts p. 9Abbreviations p. 10Materials and methods p. 10Inter-observer differences p. 11Relationship between lengths of Upper and lower molar rows p. 13The status of KNM SO 417 p. 14Classification of the Napak anthropoids p. 16Systematic descriptions p. 17Superfamily Cercopithecoidea Gray, 1821 p. 17Family Victoriapithecidae Von Koenigswald, 1969 p. 17Genus Victoriapithecus Von Koenigswald, 1969 p. 17Species Victoriapithecus sp. p. 17Superfamily Dendropithecoidea, Harrison, 2002 p. 21Family Dendropithecidae, Harrison, 2002 p. 21Genus Dendropithecus Andrews & Simons, 1977 p. 21Species Dendropithecus ugandensis Pickford et al. 2010 p. 22Genus Micropithecus Fleagle & Simons, 1978 p. 28Species Micropithecus clarki Fleagle & Simons, 1978 p. 29Species Micropithecus clarki Fleagle & Simons, 1978 p. 48Species Micropithecus leakeyorum Harrison, 1989a p. 48Species Micropithecus chamtwaraensis nov. p. 48Superfamily Proconsuloidea Leakey, 1963 p. 50Genus Proconsul Hopwood, 1933a p. 50Species Proconsul africanus Hopwood, 1933a p. 50Genus Ugandapithecus Senut et al. 2000 p. 55Species Ugandapithecus legetetensis Pickford et al. 2010 p. 55Genus Karamojapithecus Pickford et al. 2010 p. 56Species Karamojapithecus akisimia Pickford et al. 2010 p. 56Genus Turkanapithecus Leakey & Leakey 1986b p. 62Species Turkanapithecus rusingensis Pickford et al. 2010 p. 62Species Turkanapithecus kalakolensis Leakey & Leakey, 1986b p. 62Species Turkanapithecus rusingensis Pickford et al. 2010 p. 63Genus Kalepithecus Harrison 1988 p. 63Species Kalepithecus songhorensis (Andrews, 1978) p. 63Superfamily Incertae sedis p. 75Genus Limnopithecus Hopwood, 1933a p. 75Species Limnopithecus legetet Hopwood, 1933a p. 75Genus Lomorupithecus Rossie & MacLatchy, 2006 p. 80Species Lomorupithecus evansi (MacInnes, 1943) p. 80Genus Iriripithecus Pickford et al. 2010 p. 93Species Iriripithecus alekileki Pickford et al. 2010 p. 93Genus Incertae sedis p. 100Species Incertae sedis p. 100Metric analyses p. 103General discussion p. 121Conclusions p. 124Acknowledgements p. 125References p. 125Annex: Comments on Simiolus minutus, a poorly known late middle Miocenesmall catarrhine from Kenya (Martin PICKFORD and Brigitte SENUT) p. 129