Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers Chemical Methods in Penetration Enhancement

Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers in a mini-series format comprising five volumes, represents the most comprehensive reference on enhancement methods - both well established and recently introduced - in the field of dermal/transdermal drug delivery. In detail the broad range of both chemical and physical methods used to enhance the skin delivery of drugs is described. All aspects of drug delivery and measurement of penetration are covered and the latest findings are provided on skin structure and function, mathematics in skin permeation and modern analytical techniques adapted to assess and measure penetration. In offering a detailed description of the methods currently in use for penetration enhancement, this book will be of value for researchers, pharmaceutical scientists, practitioners and also students.

Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers in a mini-series format comprising five volumes, represents the most comprehensive reference on enhancement methods – both well established and recently introduced – in the field of dermal/transdermal drug delivery. In detail the broad range of both chemical and physical methods used to enhance the skin delivery of drugs is described. All aspects of drug delivery and measurement of penetration are covered and the latest findings are provided on skin structure and function, mathematics in skin permeation and modern analytical techniques adapted to assess and measure penetration. In offering a detailed description of the methods currently in use for penetration enhancement, this book will be of value for researchers, pharmaceutical scientists, practitioners and also students.

From the contents: THE ROLE OF SKIN HYDRATION IN PENETRATION ENHANCEMENT.- CHEMICAL PENETRATION ENHANCERS IN PENETRATION ENHANCEMENT.-Classification.- Mechanism.- Structure–Activity Relationship.- The Microenvironment Of The Enhancer Site Of Action.- Sulphoxides And Similar Chemicals.- Iminosulfuranes.- Azone  And Azone Analogues.- Fatty Acids, Fatty Acid Esters And Fatty Alcohols.- Alcohols And Glycols.- Terpenes And Essential Oils.- Transcutol Surfactants.- Nonionic Surfactants.- Natural Surfactants Of The Alkylpolyglucoside Type.- Sucrose Esters.- Pyrrolidones.- Chitosan.- Urea And Its Derivatives.- Transcarbams .- Amines And Amides.- Peptides.- Synergistic Effects.- CHEMICAL METHODS FOR TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS.- Ultradeformable Vesicles.- Biphasic Vesicles For Transdermal Delivery Of Proteins.- CHEMICAL METHODS IN CUTANEOUS VACCINATION.- Vesicular Carriers In Transcutaneous DNA Vaccination.- Nanoparticles And Microparticles For Transcutaneous DNA Vaccination.- Chitosan-Nanoparticles In Gene Delivery.​