Molecular Mechanisms of Membrane Traffic

The study of membrane traffic in reconstituted cell-free systems has generated an unprecedented amount of new information on the biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics of membrane-based molecular events that underly normal and abnormal cellular function. Many of the individual steps have now been isolated and dissected in simple systems that permit detailed molecular analyses of transport mechanisms and their regulation. Reconstituted events of intercompartment transport include inter-membrane recognition, and controlled membrane fusion-fission reactions. Among the many advances is the growi ng awareness of a remarkabl e evolutionary conservation of many of the components involved in the many steps of membrane traffic, this realization has accelerated greatly the pace of progress in the field. This book provides a collection of participant contributions from the 1992 Summer Research Conference, "Mol ecul ar Mechani sms of Membrane Traffi c, " jointly sponsored with NATO by the American Society of Cell Biology. The conference was held May 9-13, at the Airlie Conference Center in the Virginia countryside, near Warrenton. The conference was attended by 158 scientists. A unique feature was the high proportion of young scientists among the participants. Approximately 65% were students, postdoctoral fe 11 ows and young investigators. Each attendee contri buted to the conference with either a pl atform or poster presentation.

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Cell-Free Analysis of the Functional Organization of the Cytoplasm: Molecular Mechanisms of Membrane Traffic, held at Airlie, Virginia, USA, May 9-13, 1992

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Cell-Free Analysis of ER to Golgi Apparatus Vesicular Traffic.- Identification of a Novel Post-ER, Pre-Golgi Compartment Where Unassembled Monomers of Oligomeric Proteins Accumulate.- G Protein Regulation of Vesicular Transport Through the Exocytic Pathway.- Fusion Rapidly Follows Vesicle Transport to the Target Membrane in Protein Transport Through the Golgi Apparatus In Vitro. A Reevaluation of Transport Kinetics Based on the Finding That the Glycosylation Used to Mark Transport, and Not Transport Itself is Rate Limiting in the Assay.- Immunocytochemical Analysis of the Transfer of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus G Glycoprotein from the Intermediate Compartment to the Golgi Complex.- Synthesis of Glycosyl-Phosphatidylinositol Anchor is Initiated in the Endoplasmic Reticulum.- Protein Trafficking Along the Exocytotic Pathway.- A Short N-Terminal Sequence is Responsible for the Retention of Invariant Chain (Ii) in the Endoplasmic Reticulum.- Isolation and Characterization of the Principal ATPase of Transitional Elements of the Endoplasmic Reticulum of Rat Liver.- A GTP Hydrolase Activity Purified from Transitional Endoplasmic Reticulum of Rat Liver Binds Retinol.- A 38 kDa Protein Resident to Cis Golgi Apparatus Cisternae of Rat Liver is Recognized by an Antibody Directed Against ? Subunits of Trimeric G-Proteins.- Acyl Transfer Reactions Associated with Cis Golgi Apparatus.- Hepatic Bile Formation: Intracellular Trafficking of Bile Salts.- Wheat Storage Proteins as a Model System to Study the Mechanism of Protein Sorting Within the Endoplasmic Reticulum.- Determinants of Outer Membrane Protein Sorting and Topology in Mitochondria.- Molecular Chaperones HSP70 and HSP60 in Protein Folding and Membrane Translocation.- Cytosolic Reactions in Mitochondrial Protein Import.-Human Bifunctional Enzyme and Its Import Into Peroxisomes.- Transport of Microinjected Proteins into the Peroxisomes of Mammalian Cells.- Isolation and Characterization of a Functionally Active Protein Translocation Apparatus from Chloroplast Envelopes.- Protein Insertion into the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane.- The Membrane-Bound 95 kDa Subunit of the Yeast Vacuolar Proton-Pumping ATPase is Required for Enzyme Assembly and Activity.- The Traffic of Molecules Across the Tonoplast of Plant Cells.- Fusicoccin Binding and Internalization by Soybean Protoplasts.- TGN38 and Small GTP Binding Proteins are Part of a Macromolecular Complex in the Trans-Golgi Network.- ?-Cop, a Coat Protein of Nonclathrin-Coated Vesicles of The Golgi Complex, is involved in Transport of Vesicular Stomatitis VirusGlycoprotein.- Defining the Retention Signal in a Model Golgi Membrane Protein.- Organization of the Glycoprotein and Polysaccharide Synthetic Pathways in the Plant Golgi Apparatus.- CLIP-170, a Cytoplasmic Linker Protein Mediating Interaction of Endosomes with Microtubules.- Maturation of Secretory Granules.- Fatty Acylation in Membrane Trafficking and During Mitosis.- Rates of Synthesis and Selective Loss Into the Bile of Four Rat Liver Proteins and the Polymeric IgA Receptor.- Effect of Brefeldin A Treatment on the Resident Golgi Protein, MG160.- Inhibition of Cholera Toxin by Brefeldin A.- Selective Association with Golgi of ADP-Ribosylation Factors, 20-kDa Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Protein Activators of Cholera Toxin.- Intracellular Transport and Post-Translational Modifications of a Secretory Heat Shock Protein of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae.- Transport to the Cell Surface of Chlamydomonas: Mastigonemes as a Marker for the Flagellar Membrane.- Lipid Transport From the Golgi to thePlasma Membrane of Epithelial Cells.- Lipid Traffic to the Plasma Membrane of Leek Cells. Sorting Based on Fatty Acyl Chain Length.- Hexadecylphosphocholine as a Useful Tool for Investigating Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis and Sorting.- Biosynthesis of the Scrapie Prion Protein in Scrapie-Infected Cells.- Protein Phosphorylation Regulates the Cellular Trafficking and Processing of the Alzheimer Beta/A4 Amyloid Precursor Protein.- Targeting of the Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor in Transfected PC12Cells.- Signals for Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis.- Regulation of Early Endosome Fusion In Vitro.- Adaptins and Their Role in Clathrin-Mediated Vesicle Sorting.- Endosomes and Cell Signalling.- The Tubular Early Endosome.- Direct Comparision of the Endocytic Routes of Fluorescently-Labelled Lipids and Transferrin.- Linkage of Plasma Membrane Proteins with the Membrane Skeleton: Insights Into Functions in Polarized Epithelial Cells.- Cell Specificity and Developmental Variation in the Targeting Pathways of FRT Cells.- Phosphoglucomutase is a Cytoplasmic Glycoprotein Implicated in the Regulated Secretory Pathway.- Protein Targeting and the Control of Cl? Secretion in Colonic EpithelialCells.- Apical Membrane Protein Sorting is Affected by Brefeldin A.- Structural Analysis of the Clathrin Triskelion.- Polarity in Neurons and Epithelial Cells: Distribution of Endogenous and Exogenous Ion Pumps and Transporters.- Biochemical Properties and Expression of Tau Proteins in the Endocytic Compartment During Liver Regeneration.- Identification of Hepatic Endocytic Proteins Potentially Involved in Membrane Traffic.- Studies on Sequence Requirements for Basolateral Targeting of the Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor in MDCK Cells.- Endocytosis by Trypanosoma Brucei: Proteases and TheirPossible Role in the Degradation of Anti-VSG Antibodies.- Receptor Mediated Endocytosis of EGF in a Cell Free System.- Transferrin on the Basolateral Surface Regulates Apical 59Fe Uptake and Transport Across Intestinal Epithelial Cells.- Intracellular Trafficking of Salmonella typhimurium Within HeLa EpithelialCells.- Functional Analysis of Dynamin, a GTPase Meditating Early Endocytosis.- Identification of a Regulatory Domain in Dynamin.- Potassium Depletion Stimulates Clathrin-Independent Endocytosis in Rat Foetal Fibroblasts.- Clathrin Interaction with NADH Dehydrogenases of Rat Liver Plasma Membrane.- Putative Adaptor Proteins of Clathrin Coated Vesicles from Developing Pea.- Uncoating of Plant Clathrin Vesicles by Uncoating ATPase from Peas.- Selective Degradation of Cytosolic Proteins by Lysosomes.- Role of Calcium, Protein Phosphorylation and the Cytoskeleton in HepatocyticAutophagy.- Signals for Transport From Endosomes to Lysosomes.- A New Receptor for Lysosomal Proenzymes.- A Protein Kinase/Lipid Kinase Complex Required for Yeast Vacuolar ProteinSorting.- The Morphology But Not the Function of Endosomes and Lysosomes is Affected by Brefeldin A.- Purification of the N-Acetylglucosamine-I-Phosphodiester ?-N-Acetylglucosamindase from Human Lymphoblasts.- Altered Regulation of Protein Degradation in Tranformed Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells.- An Examination of the Structure and Functions of the Bovine Vacuolar ATPase Using Antisense Oligonucleotides.- Regulation of Endocytosis by the Small GTP-ase Rab5.- The Nucleotide Cycle of Sec4 is Important for its Function in VesicularTransport.- Activators of Trimeric G-Proteins Stimulate and Inhibit Inter-compartmental Golgi Transport In Vitro.- Evidence of a Role for Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins and ARF inEndosome Fusion.- The Small GTPase Rab4 Controls an Early Endocytic Sorting Event.- Protein Modifications and Their Significance in rab5 Function.- Low Molecular Weight GTP-Binding Proteins in Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes From Rat Liver and Rat Hepatocellular Carcinomas.- Low Molecular Weight GTP-Binding Proteins Associated with the Membranes Involved in Post-Golgi Transport of Rhodopsin.- Authorindex.