Antimalarial Agents: An Update on Synthetic Variants of Chloroquine

Parate, Anupama
Dr. Anupama Parate : Assistant Professor, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry in Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalay withgraduates, postgraduate research and teaching experience of more than 14 years in government & renowned private institutions.

New challenges by infectious diseases sustain to be a biggest threat to society. Malaria is an infectious disease caused by the parasites called Plasmodia. Malaria is caused by protozoan parasite of the five recognized species of Plasmodium Spp (P. falciparum, P. Vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae and P. knowlesi) that affects human. The infection is transmitted between humans by the female anopheles mosquito. According to the World Malaria Report 2015 (WMR 2015), malaria transmission occurs in five of the six WHO regions, exemting Europe. In accordance to World Malaria Report, 2015 an estimated 3.2 billion people remain to be at risk of being infected by malaria and 1.2 billion are at high risk (1 in 1000 chance of getting malaria in a year). There were 214 million cases worldwide in 2015, of which 88% were from the African region, 10% from SE Asia region and 2% from Eastern Mediterranean region. There were an estimated 438000 deaths, 90% from Africa, 7% from SE Asia region and 2% from Eastern Mediterranean region. Of these, 306000 deaths have occurred in children aged under 5 years (WMR 2015). In comparison, 198 million infections and 584 000 deaths were estimated in 2013 (WMR 2014).