Brain Tumors

Neurooncology has become a science of such great proportions and indefinite limits as to include branches which widely diverge from one another. Therefore, it is not an easy task to fit it all into the narrow framework of a book, though the collaboration among scientists compensates partly for the varying depths of knowledge and ex perience in the individual disciplines. The principal characteristic of this work, how ever, is in casting "pathology" as the common nosographic link. Though scientific progress has brought us well past the nosography of brain tu of departure, the area of mutual understanding to mors, pathology remains the point which all students of neurooncology refer when laying out diagnostic, therapeutic, and research schedules. Neurologists, neurosurgeons, and neuroradiologists orient themselves only by referring to tumor types. Neurooncology treatises require ever greater numbers of authors in order to cover the different subject areas with uniform authority. Excellent texts are available today for this purpose. The present book is not, and does not wish to be, a treatise but rather aims at presenting different aspects of neurooncology from the perspective of pathology and its biological and clinical correlates. It expresses the author's experi ence in the study of brain tumors and their pathology and clinical characteristics. The emphasis dedicated to the subjects relates to the clinicopathological and theore tical importance.

Springer Book Archives

1 Cytogenesis of the Central Nervous System.- 1.1 Neurogenesis and Gliogenesis.- 1.2 Gliogenesis in Adult Animals.- 1.3 Development of the Cerebellar Cortex.- 1.4 Radial Glia and Ependyma.- 1.5 Genes Controlling Nervous System Development.- 2 Factors of the Transformation Process.- 2.1 Genetics and Molecular Biology.- 2.2 Familial Incidence of Tumors.- 2.3 Congenital Tumors.- 2.4 Risk Factors: Epidemiological Data.- 3 Experimental Tumors.- 3.1 Chemical Carcinogenesis.- 3.2 Viral Carcinogenesis.- 3.3 Transplantable Animal Models.- 3.4 Gene Transfer Models of Neural Tumors.- 4 Antigens of Phenotypic Expression and Differentiation Markers.- 4.1 Brain Tumor-Associated Antigens.- 4.2 Antigens Employed in the Histological Diagnosis of Brain Tumors.- 5 Pathology of the Host-Tumor Interaction.- 5.1 Peritumoral Changes.- 5.2 Regressive Events in the Tumor.- 5.3 Cerebral Edema.- 5.4 Calcifications.- 5.5 Immune Response.- 6 Classification and Nosography of Neuroepithelial Tumors.- 7 The Concept of Malignancy: Anaplasia, Cell Proliferation, Metastasis.- 7.1 General Considerations.- 7.2 Cell Kinetics.- 7.3 Metastasis.- 7.4 Expansion and Invasiveness.- 8 Descriptive Epidemiology of Primary Nervous System Tumors.- 8.1 General Data.- 8.2 Epidemiology of Intracranial Tumors.- 8.3 Epidemiology of Intraspinal Tumors.- 9 Astrocytic Tumors.- 9.1 Nosological Problems.- 9.2 Astrocytic Tumors of the Cerebral Hemispheres.- 9.3 Astrocytic Tumors of the Midline.- 9.4 Astrocytic Tumors of the Spinal Cord.- 10 Oligodendroglial Tumors.- 10.1 Oligodendroglioma.- 10.2 Presence of Astrocytes and the Problem of Mixed Gliomas: Oiigoastrocytoma.- 10.3 Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma and Prognosis.- 11 Ependymal Tumors.- 11.1 Ependymoma.- 11.2 Subependymoma.- 11.3 Ependymoblastoma.- 12 Choroid Plexus Tumors.-12.1 Plexus-Papilloma.- 12.2 Malignant Variant (Plexus Carcinoma).- 13 Tumors Composed of Neural Cells.- 13.1 Ganglioglioma (Gangliocytoma).- 13.2 Dysplastic Gangliocytoma of the Cerebellum.- 13.3 Infantile Desmoplastic Ganglioglioma -Desmoplastic Infantile Astrocytoma.- 13.4 Central Neurocytoma.- 13.5 Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumors.- 13.6 Olfactory Neuroblastoma.- 14 Pineal Gland Tumors.- 14.1 The Pineal Gland.- 14.2 Pineal Gland Tumors.- 14.3 Pineal Cysts.- 15 Embryonal Tumors.- 15.1 Medulloepithelioma.- 15.2 Medulloblastoma.- 15.3 Neuroblastoma.- 15.4 Polar Spongioblastoma.- 15.5 Appendix: Tumors of the Retina.- 16 Glomus Tumors, Paragangliomas.- 16.1 Site, Age, and Clinical Features.- 16.2 Macroscopic Appearance and Imaging.- 16.3 Microscopic Appearance.- 16.4 Prognosis.- 17 Tumors of the Cranial and Spinal Nerves.- 17.1 Neurinoma (Schwannoma).- 17.2 Neurofibromas.- 17.3 Granular Cell Tumors.- 17.4 Neurothekeoma.- 17.5 Perineurioma.- 17.6 Prognosis, Malignancy.- 18 Tumors of the Meninges.- 18.1 Meningiomas.- 18.2 Other Mesenchymal Tumors of the Meninges.- 19 Mesenchymal Tumors.- 19.1 Chordomas.- 19.2 Chondroma.- 19.3 Chondrosarcomas.- 19.4 Osteomas.- 19.5 Osteosarcoma.- 20 Vascular Tumors.- 20.1 Capillary Hemangioblastoma.- 21 Tumors and Dysontogenetic Lesions.- 21.1 Germ Cell Tumors.- 21.2 Teratomas.- 21.3 Tumors with Muscle Cells.- 21.4 Dermo-epidermoid Cysts.- 21.5 Craniopharyngioma and Epithelial Cysts.- 21.6 Neuroepithelial and Non-Neuroepithelial Cysts.- 21.7 Lipomas.- 21.8 Hamartomas, Ectopias, and Ectopic Tumors.- 21.9 Hamartomas or Vascular Malformations.- 22 Phakomatosis and Dysgenetic Syndromes.- 22.1 Tuberous Sclerosis (Bourneville's Disease).- 22.2 Neurofibromatosis.- 22.3 Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome.- 22.4 Sturge-Weber Syndrome.- 22.5 OtherDysgenetic Syndromes.- 23 Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas.- 23.1 Frequency, Age, Site, and Clinical Features.- 23.2 Macroscopic Aspect and Imaging.- 23.3 Microscopic Appearance.- 23.4 Epidural Lymphomas.- 23.5 Lymphomas in AIDS.- 23.6 Prognosis, Treatment.- 24 Metastases.- 24.1 Frequency.- 24.2 Sex.- 24.3 Age.- 24.4 Metastatic Pathways.- 24.5 Macroscopic Appearance and Imaging.- 24.6 Microscopic Appearance.- 24.7 Differential Diagnosis.- 24.8 Prognosis and Therapy.- 24.9 Carcinomatous Meningitis.- 24.10 Spinal Metastases.- 25 Biological Basis of Therapies.- 25.1 Radiotherapy.- 25.2 Chemotherapy.- 25.3 Immunotherapy.- 25.4 Biologic Therapies.- 26 Effects of Treatment on Brain Tumors and Normal Nervous Tissue.- 26.1 Effects of Radiotherapy and/or Chemotherapy on Human Brain Tumors.- 26.2 Effects of External Radiotherapy on the Human Brain.- 26.3 Effects of Brachytherapy on the Human Brain.- 26.4 Effects of External Radiotherapy on the Human Spinal Cord and/or Nerve Roots.- 26.5 Pathogenesis of Adverse Effects of Radiotherapy on the Normal Nervous Tissue.- 26.6 Effects of Chemotherapy on the Human Brain and Spinal Cord.- 26.7 Effects of Treatment on Normal Nervous Tissue in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia of Childhood.- 26.8 Second Malignancies.- References.