Remote Sensing Advances for Earth System Science

To better understand the various processes and interactions that govern the Earth system and to determine whether recent human-induced changes could ultimately de-stabilise its dynamics, both natural system variability and the consequences of human activities have to be observed and quantified. In this context, the European Space Agency (ESA) published in 2006 the document The Changing Earth: New Scientific Challenges for ESA's Living Planet Programme as the main driver of ESA s new Earth Observation (EO) science strategy. The document outlines 25 major scientific challenges covering all the different aspects of the Earth system, where EO technology and ESA missions may provide a key contribution. In this framework, and aiming at enhancing the ESA scientific support towards the achievement of The Challenges , the Agency has launched in 2008 a new initiative the Changing Earth Science Network to support young scientists to undertake leading-edge research activities contributing to achieve the 25 scientific challenges of the LPP by maximising the use of ESA data. The initiative is implemented through a number of research projects proposed and led by early-stage scientists at post-doctoral level for a period of two years which are summarized in this SpringerBrief. These projects undertake innovative research activities furthering into the most pressing issues of the Earth system, while exploiting ESA missions data with special attention to the ESA data archives and the new Earth Explorer missions.

To better understand the various processes and interactions that govern the Earth system and to determine whether recent human-induced changes could ultimately de-stabilise its dynamics, both natural system variability and the consequences of human activities have to be observed and quantified. In this context, the European Space Agency (ESA) published in 2006 the document “The Changing Earth: New Scientific Challenges for ESA's Living Planet Programme” as the main driver of ESA’s new Earth Observation (EO) science strategy. The document outlines 25 major scientific challenges covering all the different aspects of the Earth system, where EO technology and ESA missions may provide a key contribution. In this framework, and aiming at enhancing the ESA scientific support towards the achievement of “The Challenges”, the Agency has launched in 2008 a new initiative – the Changing Earth Science Network – to support young scientists to undertake leading-edge research activities contributing to achieve the 25 scientific challenges of the LPP by maximising the use of ESA data. The initiative is implemented through a number of research projects proposed and led by early-stage scientists at post-doctoral level for a period of two years which are summarized in this SpringerBrief. These projects undertake innovative research activities furthering into the most pressing issues of the Earth system, while exploiting ESA missions data with special attention to the ESA data archives and the new Earth Explorer missions.

Preface - The Changing Earth Science Network Projects 2009-2011.- Carbongases - Retrieval and analysis of carbon dioxide and methane greenhouse gases from SCIAMACHY on ENVISAT.- Aerosol direct radiative effect in cloudy scenes retrieved from space–borne spectrometers.- DIagnostics of MIxing and TRansport in atmospheric Interfaces.- Study of the chemistry-climate coupling in the UTLS region with satellite measurements.- Variability of the phytoplankton spring and fall blooms in the Northeastern Atlantic in the 1980s and 2000s.- A method to retrieve temporal averages of 2D ocean surface currents from Synthetic Aperture Radar Doppler shift.- Open Ocean air-sea CO2 fluxes from Envisat in support of global carbon cycle monitoring (OC-flux).- Active magmatic processes in the East African Rift: A satellite radar perspective.