Completeness and Reduction in Algebraic Complexity Theory

Bürgisser, a top expert on algebraic complexity theory, has written a monograph on current research in this field. This book gives new results in the theory of NP-completeness. It is written for mathematicians and computer scientists on both research and graduate level.

One of the most important and successful theories in computational complex ity is that of NP-completeness. This discrete theory is based on the Turing machine model and achieves a classification of discrete computational prob lems according to their algorithmic difficulty. Turing machines formalize al gorithms which operate on finite strings of symbols over a finite alphabet. By contrast, in algebraic models of computation, the basic computational step is an arithmetic operation (or comparison) of elements of a fixed field, for in stance of real numbers. Hereby one assumes exact arithmetic. In 1989, Blum, Shub, and Smale [12] combined existing algebraic models of computation with the concept of uniformity and developed a theory of NP-completeness over the reals (BSS-model). Their paper created a renewed interest in the field of algebraic complexity and initiated new research directions. The ultimate goal of the BSS-model (and its future extensions) is to unite classical dis crete complexity theory with numerical analysis and thus to provide a deeper foundation of scientific computation (cf. [11, 101]). Already ten years before the BSS-paper, Valiant [107, 110] had proposed an analogue of the theory of NP-completeness in an entirely algebraic frame work, in connection with his famous hardness result for the permanent [108]. While the part of his theory based on the Turing approach (#P-completeness) is now standard and well-known among the theoretical computer science com munity, his algebraic completeness result for the permanents received much less attention.

1 Introduction.- 2 Valiant's Algebraic Model of NP-Completeness.- 3 Some Complete Families of Polynomials.- 4 Cook's versus Valiant's Hypothesis.- 5 The Structure of Valiant's Complexity Classes.- 6 Fast Evaluation of Representations of General Linear Groups.- 7 The Complexity of Immanants.- 8 Separation Results and Future Directions.- References.- List of Notation.