Surface and Interfacial Forces

A general introduction to surface and interfacial forces, perfectly combining theoretical concepts, experimental techniques and practical applications. In this completely updated edition all the chapters have been thoroughly revised and extended to cover new developments and approaches with around 15% new content. A large part of the book is devoted to surface forces between solid surfaces in liquid media, and while a basic knowledge of colloid and interface science is helpful, it is not essential since all important concepts are explained and the theoretical concepts can be understood with an intermediate knowledge of mathematics. A number of exercises with solutions and the end-of-chapter summaries of the most important equations, facts and phenomena serve as additional tools to strengthen the acquired knowledge and allow for self-study. The result is a readily accessible text that helps to foster an understanding of the intricacies of this highly relevant topic.

A general introduction to surface and interfacial forces, perfectly combining theoretical concepts, experimental techniques and practical applications.In this completely updated edition all the chapters have been thoroughly revised and extended to cover new developments and approaches with around 15% new content. A large part of the book is devoted to surface forces between solid surfaces in liquid media, and while a basic knowledge of colloid and interface science is helpful, it is not essential since all important concepts are explained and the theoretical concepts can be understood with an intermediate knowledge of mathematics. A number of exercises with solutions and the end-of-chapter summaries of the most important equations, facts and phenomena serve as additional tools to strengthen the acquired knowledge and allow for self-study.The result is a readily accessible text that helps to foster an understanding of the intricacies of this highly relevant topic.

1 INTRODUCTION2 VAN DER WAALS FORCES2.1 Van der Waals Forces Between Molecules2.2 The Van der Waals Force Between Macroscopic Solids2.3 The Derjaguin Approximation2.4 Retarded Van der Waals Forces2.5 Measurement of Van der Waals Forces2.6 The Casimir Force2.7 Summary2.8 Exercises3 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS3.1 Surface Forces Apparatus3.2 Atomic Force Microscope3.3 Optical Tweezers3.4 Total Internal Re¿ection Microscopy3.5 Magnetic Tweezers3.6 Summary3.7 Exercises4 ELECTROSTATIC DOUBLE-LAYER FORCES4.1 The Electric Double Layer4.2 Poisson?Boltzmann Theory of the Diffuse Double Layer4.3 Beyond Poisson?Boltzmann Theory4.4 The Gibbs Energy of the Electric Double Layer4.5 The Electrostatic Double-Layer Force4.6 The DLVO Theory4.7 Electrostatic Forces in Nonpolar Media4.8 Summary4.9 Exercises5 CAPILLARY FORCES5.1 Equation of Young and Laplace5.2 Kelvin Equation and Capillary Condensation5.3 The Young?s Equation5.4 Capillary Forces Calculated with the Circular Approximation5.5 In¿uence of Roughness5.6 Kinetics of Capillary Bridge Formation and Rupture5.7 Capillary Forces in Immiscible liquid Mixtures and Other Systems5.8 Lateral Forces Between Particles at a Fluid Interface5.9 Summary5.10 Exercises6 HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES6.1 Fundamentals of Hydrodynamics6.2 Hydrodynamic Force between a Solid Sphere and a Plate6.3 Hydrodynamic Boundary Condition6.4 Gibbs Adsorption Isotherm6.5 Hydrodynamic Forces Between Fluid Boundaries6.6 Summary6.7 Exercises7 INTERFACIAL FORCES BETWEEN FLUID INTERFACES AND ACROSS THIN FILMS7.1 Overview7.2 The Disjoining Pressure7.3 Drainage7.4 Thin Film Balance7.5 Interfacial Forces Across Foam and Emulsion Films7.6 Thin Wetting Films7.7 Summary7.8 Exercises8 CONTACT MECHANICS AND ADHESION8.1 Surface Energy of Solids8.2 Contact Mechanics8.3 In¿uence of Surface Roughness8.4 Adhesion Force Measurements8.5 Summary8.6 Exercises9 FRICTION9.1 Macroscopic Friction9.2 Lubrication9.3 Microscopic Friction: Nanotribology9.4 Summary9.5 Exercises10 SOLVATION FORCES AND NON-DLVO FORCES IN WATER10.1 Solvation Forces10.2 Non-DLVO Forces in an Aqueous Medium10.3 The Interaction Between Lipid Bilayers10.4 Force Between Surfaces with Adsorbed Molecules10.5 Summary10.6 Exercises11 SURFACE FORCES IN POLYMER SOLUTIONS AND MELTS11.1 Properties of Polymers11.2 Polymer Solutions11.3 Steric Repulsion11.4 Polymer-Induced Forces in Solutions11.5 Bridging Attraction11.6 Depletion and Structural Forces11.7 Interfacial Forces in Polymer Melts11.8 Summary11.9 Exercises12 SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISES