Ceramics Science and Technology

Although ceramics have been known to mankind literally for millennia, research has never ceased. Apart from the classic uses as a bulk material in pottery, construction, and decoration, the latter half of the twentieth century saw an explosive growth of application fields, such as electrical and thermal insulators, wear-resistant bearings, surface coatings, lightweight armour, or aerospace materials. In addition to plain, hard solids, modern ceramics come in many new guises such as fabrics, ultrathin films, microstructures and hybrid composites. Built on the solid foundations laid down by the 20-volume series Materials Science and Technology, Ceramics Science and Technology picks out this exciting material class and illuminates it from all sides. Materials scientists, engineers, chemists, biochemists, physicists and medical researchers alike will find this work a treasure trove for a wide range of ceramics knowledge from theory and fundamentals to practical approaches and problem solutions.

Although ceramics have been known to mankind literally for millennia, research has never ceased. Apart from the classic uses as a bulk material in pottery, construction, and decoration, the latter half of the twentieth century saw an explosive growth of application fields, such as electrical and thermal insulators, wear-resistant bearings, surface coatings, lightweight armour, or aerospace materials. In addition to plain, hard solids, modern ceramics come in many new guises such as fabrics, ultrathin films, microstructures and hybrid composites.Built on the solid foundations laid down by the 20-volume series Materials Science and Technology, Ceramics Science and Technology picks out this exciting material class and illuminates it from all sides.Materials scientists, engineers, chemists, biochemists, physicists and medical researchers alike will find this work a treasure trove for a wide range of ceramics knowledge from theory and fundamentals to practical approaches and problem solutions.

PrefacePART I: Ceramic Material ClassesCERAMIC OXIDESIntroductionAluminum OxideMagnesium OxideZinc OxideTitanium DioxideZirconium OxideCerium OxideYttrium OxideNITRIDESSilicon NitrideBoron NitrideAluminum NitrideTitanium NitrideTantalum NitrideChromium NitrideTernary NitridesLight-Emitting Nitride and Oxynitride PhosphorsGALLIUM NITRIDE AND OXONITRIDESIntroductionGallium NitridesGallium OxidesGallium OxonitridesOutlookSILICON CARBIDE- AND BORON CARBIDE-BASED HARD MATERIALSIntroductionStructure and ChemistryProduction of Particles and FibersDense Ceramic ShapesProperties of Silicon Carbide- and Boron Carbide-Based MaterialsApplications of CarbidesCOMPLEX OXYNITRIDESIntroductionPrinciples of Silicon-Based Oxynitride StructuresComplex Si-Al-O-N PhasesM-Si-Al-O-N OxynitridesOxynitride GlassesOxynitride Glass CeramicsConclusionsPEROVSKITESIntroductionCrystal StructurePhysical PropertiesChemical and Catalytic PropertiesTHE Mn+1AXn PHASES AND THEIR PROPERTIESIntroductionBonding and StructureElastic PropertiesElectronic TransportThermal PropertiesMechanical PropertiesTribological Properties and MachinabilityConcluding RemarksPART II: Structures and PropertiesSTRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSIntroductionSelf-Reinforced Silicon NitridesFibrous Grain-Aligned Silicon Nitrides (Large Grains)Fibrous Grain-Aligned Silicon Nitrides (Small Grains)Grain Boundary Phase ControlFibrous Grain-Aligned Porous Silicon NitridesDISLOCATIONS IN CERAMICSIntroductionThe Critical Resolved Shear StressCrystallography of SlipDislocations in Particular OxidesWork HardeningSolution HardeningClosing RemarksDEFECT STRUCTURE, NONSTOICHIOMETRY, AND NONSTOICHIOMETRY RELAXATION OF COMPLEX OXIDESIntroductionDefect StructureOxygen NaonstoichiometryNonstoichiometry Re-EquilibrationINTERFACES AND MICROSTRUCTURES IN MATERIALSIntroductionInterfaces in MaterialsPractical ImplicationsSummary and OutlookPART III: Mechanical PropertiesFRACTURE OF CERAMICSIntroductionAppearance of Failure and Typical Failure ModesA Short Overview of Damage MechanismsBrittle FractureProbabilistic Aspects of Brittle FractureDelayed FractureConcluding RemarksCREEP MECHANISMS IN COMMERICAL GRADES OF SILICON NITRIDEIntroductionMaterial CharacterizationDiscussion of Experimental DataModels of Creep in Silicon NitrideConclusionsFRACTURE RESISTANCE OF CERAMICSIntroductionTheory of FractureToughened CeramicsInfluence of Crack Growth Resistance Curve Upon Failure by FractureDetermination of Fracture ResistanceFatigueConcluding RemarksSUPERPLASTICITY IN CERAMICS: ACCOMMODATION-CONTROLLING MECHANISMS REVISITEDIntroductionMacroscopic and Microscopic Features of SuperplasticityNature of the Grain BoundariesAccommodation Processes SuperplasticityApplications of SuperplasticityFuture Prospective in the FieldPART IV: Thermal, Electrical, and Magnetic PropertiesTHERMAL CONDUCTIVITYIntroductionThermal Conductivity of Dielectric CeramicsHigh-Thermal Conductivity Nonoxide CeramicsMechanical Properties of High-Thermal Conductivity Si3N4 CeramicsConcluding RemarksELECTRICAL CONDUCTION IN NANOSTRUCTURED CERAMICSIntroductionSpace Charge Layers in Semiconducting Ceramic MaterialsEffect of Space Charge Profiles on the Observed ConductivityInfluence of Nanostructure on Charge Carrier DistributionsCase StudiesConclusions and ObservationsFERROELECTRIC PROPERTIESIntroductionIntrinsic Properties: The Anisotrophy of PropertiesExtrinsic Properties: Hard and Soft FerroelectricsTextured Ferroelectric MaterialsFerroelectricity and MagnetismFatigue in Ferroelectric MaterialsMAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES: FROM BULK TO NANOIntroductionProperties of Transition Metal 3d OrbitalsIron OxidesFerritesChromium DioxideManganese Oxide PhasesConcluding Remarks