Infrared and Raman Spectroscopic Imaging

This second edition of the successful ready reference is updated and revised with approximately 30% new content to reflect the numerous instrumental developments and improvements, as well as the significant expansion of this rapidly developing field. For example, the combination of IR imaging with AFM has enhanced the achievable lateral resolution by an order of magnitude down to a few hundred nanometers, thus launching a multiplicity of new applications in material science. Furthermore, Raman and IR spectroscopic imaging have become key technologies for the life sciences and today contribute tremendously to a better and more detailed understanding of numerous biological and medical research topics. The topical structure of this new edition is now subdivided into four parts. The first treats the fundamentals of the instrumentation for infrared and Raman imaging and mapping and an overview on the chemometric tools for image analysis. The second part describes a wide varie-ty of applications ranging from biomedical via food, agriculture and plants to polymers and pharmaceuticals. This is followed by a description of imaging techniques operating beyond the diffraction limit, while the final part covers special methodical developments and their utility in specific fields. With its many valuable practical tips, this is a must-have overview for researchers in academic and industrial laboratories wishing to obtain reliable results with this method.

This second edition of the successful ready reference is updated and revised with approximately 30% new content to reflect the numerous instrumental developments and improvements, as well as the significant expansion of this rapidly developing field. For example, the combination of IR imaging with AFM has enhanced the achievable lateral resolution by an order of magnitude down to a few hundred nanometers, thus launching a multiplicity of new applications in material science. Furthermore, Raman and IR spectroscopic imaging have become key technologies for the life sciences and today contribute tremendously to a better and more detailed understanding of numerous biological and medical research topics.The topical structure of this new edition is now subdivided into four parts. The first treats the fundamentals of the instrumentation for infrared and Raman imaging and mapping and an overview on the chemometric tools for image analysis. The second part describes a wide varie-ty of applications ranging from biomedical via food, agriculture and plants to polymers and pharmaceuticals. This is followed by a description of imaging techniques operating beyond the diffraction limit, while the final part covers special methodical developments and their utility in specific fields.With its many valuable practical tips, this is a must-have overview for researchers in academic and industrial laboratories wishing to obtain reliable results with this method.

PrefacePART I: Basic MethodologyINFRARED AND RAMAN INSTRUMENTATION FOR MAPPING AND IMAGINGIntroduction to Mapping and ImagingMid-Infrared Microspectroscopy and MappingRaman Microspectroscopy and MappingNear-Infrared Hyperspectral ImagingRaman Hyperspectral ImagingMid-Infrared Hyperspectral ImagingMapping with Pulsed Terahertz RadiationSummaryCHEMOMETRIC TOOLS FOR IMAGE ANALYSISIntroductionHyperspectral Images: The MeasurementImage PreprocessingExploratory Image AnalysisQuantitative Image Information: Multivariate Image Regression (MIR)Image SegmentationImage ResolutionFuture TrendsPART II: Biomedical ApplicationsVIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING OF SOFT TISSUEIntroductionPreparation of Soft Tissue for Vibrational Spectroscopic ImagingApplications to Soft TissueConclusionsVIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF HARD TISSUESIntroductionImportance of Tissue Age versus Specimen AgeFT-IR SpectroscopyRaman SpectroscopyClinical Applications of Raman SpectroscopyMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF INFRARED SPECTRAL IMAGING OF INDIVIDUAL CELLSIntroductionMethodsResults and DiscussionFuture Potential of SCP/ConclusionsPART III: Agriculture, Plants, and FoodINFRARED AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPIC MAPPING AND IMAGING OF PLANT MATERIALSIntroduction, Background, and PerspectiveApplication of Mapping and Imaging to Horticultural CropsApplication of Mapping and Imaging to Agricultural CropsMapping and Imaging of Wild Plants and TreesApplication of Mapping and Imaging to AlgaeInteraction Between Plant Tissue and Plant PathogensNIR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSIntroductionHSI as a "Super" NIR AnalyzerNIR HS Imager as a "Super" Vision SystemConclusionPART IV: Polymers and PharmaceuticalsFT-IR AND NIR SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING: PRINCIPLES, PRACTICAL ASPECTS, AND APPLICATIONS IN MATERIAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCEIntroductionInstrumentation for NIR and FT-IR ImagingApplications of FT-IR and FT-NIR Imaging for Polymer CharacterizationNIR Imaging Spectroscopy for Quality Control of Pharmaceutical Drug FormulationsFT-IR Spectroscopic Imaging of Inorganic MaterialsFT-IR IMAGING IN ATR AND TRANSMISSION MODES: PRACTCAL CONSIDERATIONS AND EMERGING APPLICATIONSFT-IR Imaging: IntroductionFT-IR Imaging: Technical ConsiderationsPractical ApplicationsConclusion and OutlookTERAHERTZ IMAGING OF DRUG PRODUCTSIntroductionLow Wavenumber Region in the Infrared SpectrumTHz-TDS Technology and ApplicationsTHz Imaging in the Pharmaceutical IndustryGoing ForwardCompetition versus Cost: A Challenge for the FutureConclusionPART V: Imaging Beyond the Diffraction LimitSPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING OF BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES USING NEAR-FIELD METHODSTip-Enhanced Raman Scattering (TERS)Detection of BiomoleculesBiopolymersMembranes, Viruses, and BacteriaConclusionINFRARED MAPPING BELOW THE DIFFRACTION LIMITIntroduction and Description of Early WorkNear-Field Microscopy by Elastic Scattering from a TipPART VI: Developments in MethodologySUBSURFACE RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY IN TURBID MEDIAIntroductionTechniques for Deep Noninvasive Raman SpectroscopyExamples of Application AreasConclusionsNONLINEAR VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPIC MICROSCOPY OF CELLS AND TISSUEIntroductionPrinciples of Nonlinear Optical ImagingInstrumentation for Multimodal Nonlinear MicroscopyApplicationsWIDEFIELD FT-IR 2D AND 3D IMAGING AT THE MICROSCALE USING SYNCHROTRON RADIATIONIntroductionOptical EvaluationMathematical Evaluation of Hyperspectral CubesWidefield versus Raster Scanning GeometriesExamplesConclusionsIndex