Chemical Technology

This textbook provides an integral and integrated treatment of industrial-relevant problems for students of both chemistry and chemical engineering. As such, this work combines the four disciplines of chemical technology - chemistry, thermal and mechanical unit operations, chemical reaction engineering and general chemical technology - and is organized into two main parts. The first covers the fundamentals, as well as the analysis and design of industrial processes, while the second section presents 20 concrete processes, exemplifying the inherent applied nature of chemical technology. These are selected so that they all differ with respect to at least one important aspect, such as the type and design of the reactor, the chemistry involved or the separation process used. As a result, readers will recapitulate, deepen and exercise the chemical and engineering principles and their interplay, as well as being able to apply them to industrial practice. Instructive figures, rules of thumb for swift but reliable estimating of parameters, data of chemical media, and examples utilizing data from industrial processes facilitate and enhance the study process. A small general survey of selected modern trends, such as multifunctional and micro reactors, or new solvents for homogeneous catalysis, such as ionic liquids, point out to the reader that this is not a concluded discipline, but a developing field with many challenges waiting to be solved.

Alle Teildisziplinen der chemischen Technologie unter einem Dach: Chemie, thermische und mechanische Grundoperationen, chemische Reaktionstechnik, allgemeine Technologie. Ein Technikbuch für Chemiker und gleichzeitig ein Chemiebuch für Ingenieure! Besprochen wird nicht nur der Entwurf von Reaktoren, sondern auch die Vor- und Nachbehandlung von Ausgangsstoffen und Produkten. Dabei werden viele Probleme deutlich, denen der Praktiker regelmäßig gegenübersteht. Nach dem allgemein gehaltenen ersten Teil widmet sich der zweite Teil konkret 20 wichtigen Industrieprozessen.

1 Introduction1.1 What is Chemical Technology?1.2 The Chemical Industry2 Chemical Aspects of Industrial Chemistry2.1 Stability and Reactivity of Chemical Bonds2.2 General Classification of Reactions2.3 Catalysis3 Thermal and Mechanical Unit Operations3.1 Properties of Gases, Liquids, and Solids3.2 Heat and Mass Transfer in Chemical Engineering3.3 Thermal Unit Operations3.4 Mechanical Unit Operations4 Chemical Reaction Engineering4.1 Main Aspects and Basic Definitions of Chemical Reaction Engineering4.2 Chemical Thermodynamics4.3 Kinetics of Homogeneous Reactions4.4 Kinetics of Fluid?Fluid Reactions4.5 Kinetics of Heterogeneously Catalyzed Reactions4.6 Kinetics of Gas?Solid Reactions4.7 Criteria used to Exclude Interphase and Intraparticle Mass and Heat Transport Limitations in Gas?Solid Reactions and Heterogeneously Catalyzed Reactions4.8 Kinetics of Homogeneously or Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions4.9 Kinetics of Gas?Liquid Reactions on Solid Catalysts4.10 Chemical Reactors4.11 Measurement and Evaluation of Kinetic Data5 Raw Materials, Products, Environmental Aspects, and Costs of Chemical Technology5.1 Raw Materials and Energy Sources5.2 Inorganic Products5.3 Organic Intermediates and Final Products5.4 Environmental Aspects of Chemical Technology5.5 Production Costs of Fuels and Chemicals Manufacturing6 Examples of Industrial Processes6.1 Ammonia Synthesis6.2 Syngas and Hydrogen6.3 Sulfuric Acid6.5 Coke and Steel6.6 Basic Chemicals by Steam Cracking6.7 Liquid Fuels by Cracking of Heavy Oils6.8 Clean Liquid Fuels by Hydrotreating6.9 High Octane Gasoline by Catalytic Reforming6.10 Refinery Alkylation6.11 Fuels and Chemicals from Syngas: Methanol and Fischer?Tropsch Synthesis6.12 Ethylene and Propylene Oxide6.13 Catalytic Oxidation of o-Xylene to Phthalic Acid Anhydride6.14 Hydroformylation (Oxosynthesis)6.15 Acetic Acid6.16 Ethylene Oligomerization Processes for Linear 1-Alkene Production6.17 Production of Fine Chemicals (Example Menthol)6.18 Treatment of Exhaust Gases from Mobile and Stationary Sources6.19 Industrial Electrolysis6.20 Polyethene ProductionReferencesIndex