Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials

This first book devoted to this hot field of science covers materials with bimodal, trimodal and multimodal pore size, with an emphasis on the successful design, synthesis and characterization of all kinds of hierarchically porous materials using different synthesis strategies. It details formation mechanisms related to different synthesis strategies while also introducing natural phenomena of hierarchy and perspectives of hierarchical science in polymers, physics, engineering, biology and life science. Examples are given to illustrate how to design an optimal hierarchically porous material for specific applications ranging from catalysis and separation to biomedicine, photonics, and energy conversion and storage. With individual chapters written by leading experts, this is the authoritative treatment, serving as an essential reference for researchers and beginners alike.

This first book devoted to this hot field of science covers materials with bimodal, trimodal and multimodal pore size, with an emphasis on the successful design, synthesis and characterization of all kinds of hierarchically porous materials using different synthesis strategies. It details formation mechanisms related to different synthesis strategies while also introducing natural phenomena of hierarchy and perspectives of hierarchical science in polymers, physics, engineering, biology and life science.Examples are given to illustrate how to design an optimal hierarchically porous material for specific applications ranging from catalysis and separation to biomedicine, photonics, and energy conversion and storage.With individual chapters written by leading experts, this is the authoritative treatment, serving as an essential reference for researchers and beginners alike.

PrefacePART I: IntroductionINSIGHTS INTO HIERARCHICALLY STRUCTURED POROUS MATERIALS: FROM NANOSCIENCE TO CATALYSIS, SEPARATION, OPTICS, ENERGY, AND LIFE SCIENCEIntroductionSynthesis Strategies to Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials Emerging Applications of Hierarchically Structural Porous MaterialsConclusionsHIERARCHY IN NATURAL MATERIALSNatural Materials as a Source of Inspiration in Materials ScienceHierarchies Based on Fiber ArchitecturesLiquid Crystalline Assemblies, Clues to Mimic Hierarchical StructuresMineralized Biological Tissues, Models for Hybrid MaterialsConcluding RemarksPART II: Synthesis Strategies to Hierarchically Structured Porous MaterialsHierarchically Structured Porous Materials by Dually Micellar Templating Approach IntroductionNanocasting - True Liquid Crystalline Templating 3.3 Basics of MicellizationMixed Surfactant SolutionsHierarchical Self-Assembly of Concentrated Aqueous Surfactant Mixtures - Hierarchical Mesoporous StructuresConclusionsCOLLOIDAL CRYSTAL TEMPLATING APPROACHES TO MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL POROSITYIntroduction and Historical OverviewThe Preparation of 3DOM Materials3DOM Materials with Intrinsic Secondary PorosityHierarchical Materials from Multimodal Colloidal Crystal Templates Hierarchical Materials from Combinations of Soft and Colloidal Crystal TemplatingHierarchical Opals and Related StructuresConclusions and OutlookTEMPLATING OF MACROPOROUS OR SWOLLEN MACROSTRUCTURED POLYMERSIntroductionMacroporous Polymer Gels Formed in Amphiphile SolutionsMacroporous Starch or Agarose GelsPolymer FoamsPolymeric Films and Fibrous MatsPolymer SpheresClosing RemarksBIOINSPIRED APPROACH TO SYNTHESIZING HIERARCHICAL POROUS MATERIALSIntroductionHierarchical Porous Materials from BiotemplatesHierarchical Porous Materials from the Biomimetic ProcessConclusions and PerspectivesPOROUS MATERIALS BY TEMPLATING OF SMALL LIQUID DROPSIntroductionEmulsion TemplatingBreath Figures TemplatingConclusionsHIERARCHICALLY POROUS MATERIALS BY PHASE SEPARATION: MONOLITHSIntroductionBackground and ConceptsExamples of Materials with Controlled Macro/MesoporesSummaryFEATURE SYNTHESIS OF HIERARCHICALLY POROUS MATERIALS BASED ON GREEN EASY-LEACHING CONCEPTIntroductionHierarchically Structured Porous Materials Synthesized by Easy-Leaching Air TemplatesHierarchically Structured Porous Materials Synthesized by Easy-Leaching Ice TemplateHierarchically Structured Porous Materials Synthesized by Easy Selective-Leaching MethodOther Easy-Leaching Concepts in the Synthesis of Hierarchically Structured Porous MaterialsSummaryINTEGRATIVE CHEMISTRY ROUTES TOWARD ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL HIERARCHICAL FOAMSIntroductionOrganic-Inorganic PolyHIPEs Prepared from Water-in-Oil EmulsionsOrganic-Inorganic PolyHIPEs Prepared from Direct EmulsionsParticles-Stabilized PolyHIPEConclusion and PerspectivesHIERARCHICALLY STRUCTURED POROUS COATINGS AND MEMBRANESIntroductionThe Multiple Templating StrategyDynamic TemplatingBuilding Block Assemblies for Photonic Band Gap MaterialsInk-Jet Printing and Cooperative Self-AssemblyFoaming ProcessesFiltration MembranesConclusionSELF-FORMATION PHENOMENON TO HIERARCHICALLY STRUCTURED POROUS MATERIALSIntroductionHistory of Self-Formation PhenomenonFeatures of Self-Formation PhenomenonStructural Features of Hierarchical Porous Materials Based on the Self-Formation PhenomenonThe Mechanism of Self-Formation ProcedureControlled Synthesis Based on the Self-Formation Phenomena Development of Synthesis MethodologyApplications and Hierarchical CatalysisSummaryAUTO-GENERATED HIERARCHICAL MESO-MACROPOROUS ALUMINOSILICATE MATERIALS WITH HIGH TETRAHEDRAL AL CONTENT FROM THE SINGLE-MOLECULAR ALKOXY-PRECURSOR (SMAP) STRATEGYIntroductionHierarchically Structured Meso-Macroporous AluminosilicatesConclusionZEOLITES WITH HIERARCHICALLY POROUS STRU