North American Wildlife Policy and Law

Students, university faculty, and wildlife professionals now have an indispensable book that provides a full and accurate account of natural resource policy and law as it relates to wildlife in North America and beyond. The comprehensive text begins with an in-depth examination of wildlife policy and law, creating a foundation for the subsequent detailed material.

Students, university faculty, and wildlife professionals now have an indispensable book that provides a full and accurate account of natural resource policy and law as it relates to wildlife in North America and beyond. The comprehensive text begins with an in-depth examination of wildlife policy and law, creating a foundation for the subsequent detailed material. This introductory section covers the need and history of wildlife policy and law, wildlife and gun ownership, history of wildlife law and law enforcement, jurisdictional issues among federal, state, provincial, and indigenous peoples as they relate to natural resource management, processes by which policy and laws are formed at various levels of government, statutory law and agency rule-making, relationships of indigenous peoples to natural resources, and usage of natural resources for subsistence.

Contents ix

Illustrations xii

Foreword xv

Preface xvii

Bruce D. Leopold, Winifred B. Kessler, and James L. Cummins

Introduction xxi

Winifred B. Kessler, Bruce D. Leopold, and James L. Cummins

SECTION I: Foundations of Wildlife Policy and Law

1. The Need for Wildlife Conservation and Policy 5

Robert D. Brown

2. History of Wildlife Policy and Law through Colonial Times 19

Bruce D. Leopold

3. Wildlife Ownership 27

Bruce D. Leopold

4. Gun Ownership 31

Warren Eastland

5. Jurisdiction of Federal and State Governments in the Development and Enforcement of Wildlife Law 39

Nick Wiley

6. Development of Federal, State, and Provincial Laws 53

Bruce D. Leopold, James L. Cummins, and Winifred B. Kessler

7. The United States Constitution and Wildlife Policy 65

David Anderson

8. The Canadian Constitution and Wildlife Policy 71

Winifred B. Kessler

9. Statutory Law and Agency Rulemaking 79

Mark Rey

10. Enforcement of Laws and Policies 89

Gabriel Paz and James R. Heffelfinger

11. Relationships of Indigenous Peoples to Natural Resources 103

Serra J. Hoagland and Chase Voirin

12. Use of Natural Resources for Subsistence in Alaska: Concepts, Policy, and Laws 115

Steven J. Kessler

SECTION II: The North American Model of Wildlife Conservation

13. The North American Model of Wildlife Conservation and the Public Trust Doctrine 125

John F. Organ

SECTION III: Federal Jurisdiction in the United States

14. Market Hunting and the Lacey and Black Bass Acts 139

Steven Williams and Jonathan Gassett

15. Migratory Wildlife 149

W. Alan Wentz

16. Federal Aid in Wildlife and Fisheries Conservation 163

John F. Organ

17. Land Reservation and Protection: Federal Lands 177

Winifred B. Kessler and Bruce D. Leopold

18. Wildlife Protection Legislation 193

William Porter, Russ Mason, and Kathryn Frens

19. Laws and Policies for Environmental Protection 209

Andrew Smith

20. Private Lands Conservation Programs 231

James L. Cummins

21. Presidential Executive Orders 247

Mitch Butler

22. The Judicial System and Wildlife 251

Carol Bambery-Frampton

23. Federal Legislative Processes for Funding Wildlife Conservation 263

Greg E. Knadle and Christopher Topik

SECTION IV: Jurisdiction in Canada

24. Role of the Federal Government 279

Gary Goodwin

25. Role of Provincial and Territorial Governments 289

Gary Goodwin

26. Role of Nongovernmental Organizations in Policy Development 301

Gary Goodwin

27. Muskrat Helped Make the World: Priority Rights of Aboriginal Peoples to Wildlife in Canada 311

Bruce R. Muir and Annie L. Booth

SECTION V: Jurisdiction in Mexico

28. Wildlife Policy and Laws in Mexico 343

Julio C. Gallardo

SECTION VI: State, Provincial, and Conservation Organizations

29. Formation of Federal, State, and Provincial Agencies and Conservation Organizations 359

Ronald J. Regan

30. State Wildlife Policy in a National Environment 369

Perry S. Barboza and Daniel Tihanyi

31. Policy and Laws Relating to Tribal Wildlife Management 391

Jack Blackwell

32. Role of the Nonprofit Sector in Policymaking 401

James L. Cummins

SECTION VII: International Conservation

33. Wildlife Policy and Law in Europe 425

Arie Trouwborst and Klaus Hackländer

34. Wildlife Policy and Laws in East Asia 445

Arthur Müller and Koichi Kaji (editors)

Misook Kim (Republic of Korea); Leonid M. Baskin (Russian Far East); Kurtis Jai-Chyi Pei and Richard Taber (deceased) (Republic of China); Koichi Kaji and Arthur Müller (Japan)

35. Wildlife Policy and Laws in Africa 481

Gerhard Damm

36. Wildlife Policy and Law in the Caribbean 503

Howard P. Nelson

37. Wildlife Policy and Law in South America 519

Francisco J. Vilella

38. International Trade in Wildlife 535

David P. Rippeto

SECTION VIII: The Policy Job In Conservation

39. The Policy Job in Conservation 553

Gary J. Taylor, Margaret Everson, Louie Perry, and Jeremy Witte

SECTION IX: Policy and Law and the Public

40. The Role of the Public in Policy and Policymaking 569

Lyle Laverty

41. The Wildlife Professional's Involvement in Policy and Policymaking 579

Thomas M. Franklin

42. The Politics of Wildlife and Natural Resources 587

James L. Cummins

Acknowledgments 600

Contributors 601

Appendix 609

Index 617