Textbook of Real-Time Three Dimensional Echocardiography

This Textbook will give the reader a detailed understanding of the use of 3D echo covering a wide range of topics; from the evolution of RT3D echo to the role of RT3D echo in drug trials, including chapters on the Principles of Transthoracic and Transesophageal Real-time 3D echocardiography. Other books in this area are more varied, less specific.

This text is a detailed account of the use of 3-D echo, covering a wide range of topics from its development to the role of RT3D echo in drug trials. It includes chapters on the principles of transthoracic and transesophageal real-time 3-D echocardiography.

This textbook focusses solely on three-dimensional echocardiography and its clinical useCovers a wide range of topics in detail from the evolution of RT3D echo to the role of RT3D echo in drug trials, including chapters on the Principles of Transthoracic and Transesophageal Real-time 3D echocardiography
Over 300 unique colour figures

1. The evolution of three dimensional echocardiography.- Extrinsic tracking: positional and freehand acquisition.- Gated sequential imaging.- Integrated transesophageal approach and rotational transducer.- Real-time imaging.- 2. Principles of transthoracic three-dimensional acquisition and image display.- Matrix transducer design and technology.- Beam forming in three spatial dimensions.- Data processing .- Image resolution and display.- Image artifacts.- Three-dimensional color Doppler display and quantification.- Measuring in three dimensions.- Future developments.- 3. Principles of transesophageal three-dimensional acquisition and image display.- Matrix transducer design and technology.- Beam forming in three spatial dimensions.- Data processing.- Image resolution and display.- Image artifacts.- Unique quantification opportunities by transesophageal approach.- Future developments.- 4. Three-dimensional echocardiography in clinical practice.- Advantages over the two-dimensional modality.- Orientation of the heart and imaging views.- Acquisition modes and image display.- Implementing 3D echo in routine clinical practice.- 5. Three-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of the left ventricle.- Validation studies.- Assessment of volume, shape and function.- Assessment of regional wall motion.- Assessment of mass.- Contrast enhancement.- Future directions.- 6. Advanced evaluation of left ventricular function with three dimensional echocardiography.- Assessment of intraventricular dyssynchrony.- Stress echocardiography.- Assessment of myocardial deformation .- Assessment of myocardial perfusion.- Future directions.- 7. Three-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of the mitral valve.- Three dimensional echocardiographic anatomy of the normal mitral valve.- Mitral valve regurgitation.- Organic mitral valve regurgitation.- Functional mitral valve regurgitation.- Assessment of the degree of regurgitation.- Mitral valve stenosis.- Morphological assessment.- Functional assessment.- Monitoring percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty.- Mitral valve endocarditis.- 8.Three-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of the aortic valve and the left ventricular outflow tract.- Three dimensional echocardiographic anatomy of the normal aortic valve.- The bicuspid aortic valve.- Assessment of aortic valve stenosis.- Assessment of aortic valve regurgitation.- Aortic valve endocarditis.- 9. Three dimensional echocardiographic evaluation of the right heart chambers.- The right ventricle.- Anatomy and function.- The tricuspid valve.- Normal anatomy.- Tricuspid regurgitation.- Tricuspid stenosis.- Tricuspid valve endocarditis.- The pulmonary valve.- Normal anatomy.- Pulmonary valve disease.- Pulmonary valve endocarditis.- 10. Three dimensional echocardiography in congenital heart disease.- 11. Three dimensional echocardiography to assess intracardiac masses.- Thrombi.- Benign Cardiac Tumors.- Malignant Cardiac Tumors.- Metastatic Tumors.- Devices.- 12. Use of three-dimensional echocardiography to guide intracardiac procedures.- 13. Future developments of three-dimensional echocardiography.- 14. Real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography.- 15. Real-time three dimensional echocardiography in mitral valve repair procedures.- 16. Visualization and assessment of coronary arteries with real-time three dimensional echocardiography.- 17. Three-dimensional echocardiography to assess cardiac geometry and function in athletes.- 18 Role of three-dimensional echo in drug trials.- Heart Failure.- Hypertension.