The Disappearance of Writing Systems

John Baines is Professor of Egyptology at the University of Oxford. His publications include Visual and Written Culture in Ancient Egypt (2007) and High Culture and Experience in Ancient Egypt (in preparation for Equinox). John Bennet is Professor of Aegean Archaeology at the University of Sheffield. His research interests include the archaeology of complex societies, writing and administrative systems (especially Linear B), and diachronic landscape archaeology. Stephen Houston, a specialist in Maya civilization, is Dupee Family Professor of Social Science and Professor of Archaeology at Brown University. The founding co-editor of Ancient Mesoamerica, he is also co-editor of a dozen technical monographs on archaeological work in Guatemala, and author or editor of twelve books, the most recent of which is The Memory of Bones: Body, Being, and Experience among the Classic Maya (with David Stuart and Karl Taube, 2006).

This volume gathers papers from the first conference ever to be held on the disappearance of writing systems, in Oxford in March 2004. While the invention and decipherment of writing systems have long been focuses of research, their eclipse or replacement have been little studied. Because writing is so important in many cultures and civilizations, its disappearance - followed by a period without it or by replacement with a different writing system - is of almost equal significance to invention as a mark of radical change. Probably more writing systems have disappeared than have survived in the last five thousand years.Case studies from the Old and New Worlds are presented, ranging over periods from the second millennium BC to the present. To address many types of transmission, the broadest possible definition of 'writing' is used, notably including Mexican pictography and the Andean khipu system. One chapter discusses the larger proportion of known human societies which have not possessed complex material codes like writing, offering an alternative perspective on the long-term transmission of socially salient subjects. A concluding essay draws out common themes and offers an initial synthesis of results.
The volume offers a new perspective on approaches to writing that will be significant for the understanding of writing systems and their social functions, literacy, memory, and high-cultural communication systems in general.

1. John Bennet, Now You See It; Now You Don't! The Disappearance of the Linear A Script on Crete 2. J. David Hawkins, The Disappearance of Writing Systems: Hieroglyphic Luwian 3. Jeremy Black A , The Obsolescence and Demise of Cuneiform Writing in Elam 4. David Brown, Increasingly Redundant: The Growing Obsolescence of the Cuneiform Script in Babylonia from 539 BC Postscript: Jerrold Cooper, Redundancy Reconsidered: Reflections on David Brown's Thesis 5. Kathryn Lomas (Institute of Classical Studies, University College London), Script Obsolescence in Ancient Italy: From Pre-Roman to Roman Writing 6. Richard Salomon (University of Washington), Whatever Happened to Kharohi? The Fate of a Forgotten Indic Script 7. Martin Andreas Stadler (University of Wurzburg), On the Demise of Egyptian Writing: Working with a Problematic Source Basis 8. Claude Rilly (CNRS, France), The Last Traces of Meroitic? A Tentative Scenario for the Disappearance of the Meroitic Script 9. M. C. A. Macdonald (Institute of Oriental Studies, Oxford), The Phoenix of Phoinikcia: Alphabetic Reincarnation in Arabia 10. Stephen D. Houston, The Small Deaths of Maya Writing 11. Elizabeth Hill Boone (Tulane University), The Death of Mexican Pictography 12. Frank Salomon (University of Wisconsin), Late Khipu Use 13. Giovanni Stary, Disappearance of Writing Systems: The Manchu Case 14. John Monaghan (University of Illinois), Revelatory Scripts, 'the Unlettered Genius', and the Appearance and Disappearance of Writing 15. Chris Gosden (Institute of Archaeology, Oxford), History without Text 16. John Baines, Writing and its Multiple Disappearances.