Nutrition and Immunology

It is a pleasure to write the foreword to Nutrition and Table 1 Nutritional Status and Outcome of Infection Immunology: Principles and Practice. In fact, this book comes at a timely moment, when the impact of nutrition and Definite adverse outcome immunology is being widely felt because of the AIDS epi Measles, diarrhea, tuberculosis demic. This is particularly of note in Africa, where large Probable adverse outcome HIV, malaria, pneumonia sums of money are being spent on nutritional intervention Little or no effect programs in the hopes of improving immune responsive Poliomyelitis, tetanus, viral encephalitis ness. We should not forget, however, early advances in our Note: HIV= human immunodeficiency virus understanding of protein energy malnutrition (PEM). PEM can be used as a model to understand the nutritional basis of immunity, as well as the immunological influences on nutri tional status. Despite advances in agricultural production, tance. However, both in vitro studies and tests in laboratory PEM continues to affect hundreds of millions ofthe world's animals may have little resemblance to what is experienced population. The functional impact of undernutrition varies in humans under field conditions. from mild morbidity to life-threatening infection.

I. Nutritional Assessment.- 1 Application and Interpretation of Commonly Used Nutritional Assessment Techniques.- 2 Evaluating Malnutrition: What Should the Physician Look For?.- 3 Evaluation of the Immune System in the Nutritionally At-Risk Host.- II. Specific Nutrient Requirements (Normal Populations; Populations with Low Intakes, Including Teens, Females, Elderly...).- 4 Caloric Intake: Sources, Deficiencies, and Excess - An Overview.- 5 Protein and Amino Acids.- 6 Specific Nutrient Requirements: Trace Elements.- 7 Vitamins: Overview and Metabolic Functions.- 8 ?-Lipoic Acid: The Metabolic Antioxidant.- 9 Defining the Role of Dietary Phytochemicals in Modulating Human Immune Function.- 10 Dietary n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Modulate T-Lymphocyte Activation: Clinical Relevance in Treating Diseases of Chronic Inflammation.- 11 Nucleotides.- III. Nutrient-Immune Interactions.- 12 Impact of Nutritional Status on Immune Integrity.- 13 Nutritional Modulation of Inflammation by Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids/Eicosanoids.- IV. Clinical Issues.- 14 Immunological Considerations of Breast Milk.- 15 Clinical Issues: Childhood Illnesses, Vaccinations, and Nutritional Status.- 16 Protein-Energy Malnutrition and Infectious Disease: Synergistic Interactions.- 17 Lipids, Inflammatory Cytokines, and Endothelial Cell Injury.- 18 Nutrition and Allergy.- 19 Adverse Reactions to Foods.- 20 Perioperative Feeding: Nutrition and Immunity.- 21 Alcohol and Immune Function.- 22 Cigarette Smoking, Substance Abuse, Nutritional Status, and Immune Function.- 23 Nutrition, Immunity, and Alternative Medicine.- 24 Obesity and Immunity.- 25 Diabetes and Immunity.- 26 Nutritional Modulation of Autoimmune Diseases.- 27 Autoimmune Diseases of the Digestive Tract.- 28 Diet and Allograft Rejection.- 29Food Toxicology and Immunity.- 30 Interactions Between Nutrition and Immunity: Lessons from Animal Agriculture.- 31 Cancer and Nutrition.- 32 AIDS.- 33 Aging: Nutrition and Immunity.- 34 Role of Nutrition in Common Oral Diseases.- 35 The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Chinese Herbs, Plants, and Spices.- 36 The Influence of Probiotic Organisms on the Immune Response.- 37 Nutritional Effects on the Pathogen Genome and Phenotypic Expression of Disease.- V. Future Directions.- 38 Whither Nutrition and Immunology Interactions Toward the Next Millennium? What is Past is Prologue.