Looters, Photographers, and Thieves

What do we 'see' when we think of Italy? How is our sense of that country, its people and culture formed, what conditions it? Looters, Photographers, and Thieves suggests that our visualization and relationship to a place like Italy is the result of a long and complex series of constructed images that have their origins in the ideology of nation building.

Working toward an analysis of how photography has contributed to the construction of an Italian 'type' to serve the mandates of the new nation in the 1860s, this book engages writers and photographers who have attempted to address this in their works. From Giovanni Verga and Italo Calvino to the conceptual visual works of Tommaso Campanella in words and Luigi Ghirri in photographs; from the Arcadic gaze of Baron von Gloeden to the revolutionary vision of Tina Modotti, the works analyzed in this book have all been major contributors in the shaping of our contemporary visual education. While I am mostly concerned with Italy, the ideas that populated this work are globally applicable and relevant. Works on the photographic image that engage the specificity of representation related to specific groups, race, ethnicity or gender have found, in the isolation of images by thematic terms, an eloquent ground for specific visual formations. Looters, Photographers, and Thieves seeks to contribute to this fascinating discourse and the constantly evolving realm of figurative possibilities it opens up. This books is a locus for the collection and accumulation of images produced in the shaping of notions of citizenship and cultural relevance in nineteenth and twentieth century Italy. The arguments and images of each chapter thread through each other to propose ways by which to approach disparate subjects and forms in order to envision photographers as seers rather than gazers. Working beyond solidified terms of reference in both photography and literature toward more fluid and open spaces, I have chosen photographers that are quite unlike each other in their craft and ideologies: Tina Modotti, Giovanni Verga, Baron von Gloeden, Jacob Riis and Lewis Hine all are seen as contributors in shaping a particular vision of their world that remains relevant in ours.. Given the fact that much of the photography considered within the pages of this book is in dialogue with, or the product of, national or colonial programmatic agendas, it is only fair to ask what potential spaces for intervention upon them might remain if this is not done outside of established disciplinary bounds.

Chapter 1 Acknowledgements
Chapter 2 Introduction
Chapter 3 1. The Raw and the Cooked-Up
Chapter 4 2. Photography as Literary Art
Chapter 5 3. Photographers, Looters, and Thieves: Stolen States of the Image/nation
Chapter 6 4. Giovanni Verga: Photography andVerismo
Chapter 7 5. Imagining America: The Photography of Lewis Hine and Jacob Riis
Chapter 8 6. Imaginative Contradictions: Von Gloeden's Disruptive Bodies of Representation
Chapter 9 7. Tina Modotti: Life through the Ground-glass
Chapter 10 Notes
Chapter 11 Bibliography
Chapter 12 Index