From Maastricht to Brexit

Richard Bellamy is Director of the Max Weber Programme at the EUI and Professor of Political Science, University College London (UCL), University of London. Recent publications include Liberalism and Pluralism: Towards a Politics of Compromise (Routledge, 1999), Rethinking Liberalism (Continuum, 2000, 2005), Political Constitutionalism: A Republican Defence of the Constitutionality of Democracy (Cambridge University Press, 2007), Citizenship: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford University Press, 2008), Croce, Gramsci, Bobbio and the Italian Political Tradition (ECPR Press, 2014) and (as co-editor) The Cambridge History of Twentieth Century Political Thought (Cambridge University Press, 2003), Lineages of European Citizenship (Palgrave, 2004) and Making European Citizens (Palgrave, 2006). His A European Republic of Sovereign States is forthcoming from Cambridge University Press.

Is the European Union still a viable project? The last few years have been difficult both economically and politically, while its integrative function and legitimacy have been seriously tested. For many social, economic and geo-political reasons, its expansionary moment has stopped abruptly. On the contrary, the Greek economic crisis and the Brexit referendum have raised the spectre of fragmentation and political disintegration.The promise of the EU as a possible model for legitimate governance beyond the nation state lies somewhat in tatters. Even if the EU may indeed survive most of its current crises, is the project of a EU as a normative project beyond rescue? Ever since Maastricht, the democratic legitimacy of the EU has been a key concern of policy makers, citizens and academics alike. This issue is essentially a normative one, and over the same period our work in this area has been at the forefront in exploring what has come to be known (following an early working paper we wrote with this title in 2000) 'the normative turn in EU studies'.The debate on the democratic form and legitimacy of the EU is one that has gone on for some time and to which we, together with other scholars, have tried to contribute in the course of the last twenty years or so. Collecting articles written over the course of this period is not just meant as the testimony of an intellectual journey, but also a way of tracing such a journey in retrospect and mapping the important moments of the intellectual and scholarly debates that have contributed to shaping both our understanding and our expectations of the EU's possible futures.

AcknowledgementsIntroduction: From Maastricht to BrexitRichard Bellamy and Dario CastiglioneI.The Normative Turn in EU Studies: A Republican Europe?1.The Normative Challenge of a European Polity: Cosmopolitanism and Communitarianism Compared, Criticised and CombinedRichard Bellamy and Dario Castiglione2.Normative Theory and the European Union: Legitimising the Euro-polity and its RegimeRichard Bellamy and Dario Castiglione3.Democracy, Sovereignty and the Constitution of the European Union: The Republican Alternative to Liberalism Richard Bellamy and Dario CastiglioneII.Rethinking Sovereignty4.Building the Union: The Nature of Sovereignty in Europe¿s Political Architecture Richard Bellamy and Dario Castiglione5.Sovereignty, Post-Sovereignty and Pre-Sovereignty: Reconceptualising the State, Rights and Democracy in the EU Richard BellamyIII.Constituting the EU6.Constitution Making as Normal Politics: Disagreement and Compromise in the Drafting of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and ConstitutionRichard Bellamy and Justus Schönlau7.Constitutional Politics in the European Union¿ Dario Castiglione8.Back to the future? The euro and the EU silent constitution building Dario CastiglioneIV.Citizenship, Identity and Language9.The Liberty of the Moderns: Civic and Market Freedom in the EURichard Bellamy10.Political identity in a `community of strangers¿Dario Castiglione11. Negotiating language regimes Dario CastiglioneV.The Democratic Deficit12.The Uses of Democracy: Reflections on the EU¿s Democratic Deficit Richard Bellamy and Dario Castiglione13.Still in Deficit: Rights, Regulation and Democracy in the EU Richard Bellamy14.Democracy without Democracy?: Can the EU¿s Democratic `Outputs¿ be Separated from the Democratic `Inputs¿ Provided by Competitive Parties and Majority Rule?Richard Bellamy15.Beyond a Constraining Dissensus: The Role of National Parliaments in Domesticating and Normalising the Politicization of European IntegrationRichard Bellamy and Sandra KrögerVI.Representing Europeans16.Democracy by Delegation? Who Represents Whom and How in European GovernanceRichard Bellamy and Dario Castiglione17.Three Models of Democracy, Political Community and Representation in the EU Richard Bellamy and Dario Castiglione18.An Ever Closer Union of Peoples: Republican Intergovernmentalism, Demoi-cracy and Representation in the EU Richard BellamyVII Conclusions: Confronting the Eurocrisis and Brexit19.Political Legitimacy and European Monetary Union: Contracts, Constitutionalism and the Normative Logic of Two-Level GamesRichard Bellamy and Albert Weale20.It¿s the politics, stupid! The EU after Brexit, and its Demoi-cratic DisconnectRichard Bellamy and Dario CastiglioneReferencesCases cited in the book