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General Ledger Accounting with SAP S/4HANA
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Artikel-Nr:
9781493223640
Veröffentl:
2023
Erscheinungsdatum:
05.10.2023
Seiten:
886
Autor:
Anand Seetharaju
Gewicht:
1710 g
Format:
261x183x50 mm
Serie:
SAP Press Englisch
Sprache:
Englisch
Beschreibung:
Anand Seetharaju is a certified SAP S/4HANA financial and management accounting consultant. He holds active CPA and CMA licenses and has more than 25 years of experience in business process design, consulting, and implementation of accounting systems. He has led several SAP S/4HANA Finance and Central Finance transformation projects and has presented several topics at SAP conferences. Additionally, he has extensive implementation experience with the SAP classic general ledger, new general ledger, and SAP S/4HANA general ledger, including the conversion from a classic general ledger. Anand's experience includes global SAP finance and controlling implementations and rollouts with an emphasis on Central Finance, receivables management, revenue accounting and reporting, cash and liquidity management, profitability analysis, project systems, product costing, material ledger, capital asset management, leasing, global tax, and legal reporting.Mayank Sharma is an SAP-certified FI-CO functional lead, an SAP S/4HANA and Central Finance consultant, and a senior finance executive with 10 years of SAP and more than 25 years of overall experience advising stakeholders on accounting, finance, and continuous improvement for SMEs and start-ups. Mayank is a team contributor with visible achievements in financial restructuring and implementation of SAP ERP systems and processes.
The general ledger is the backbone of your financials system. Learn everything you need for configuring and using the general ledger in SAP S/4HANA. Walk step by step through setting up fiscal years, posting periods, parallel ledgers, and more. See routine processes like posting, document control, and year-end closing in action. Whether you're planning a new implementation or a system conversion, this is your complete guide to general ledger accounting in SAP S/4HANA!
Highlights include:
1) Posting periods
2) Parallel reporting
3) Currencies
4) Master data
5) Profit center accounting
6) Document splitting, posting, and clearing
7) Cost of sales accounting
8) Financial close
9) Accruals management
10) Reporting and analytics
11) Central Finance
Get step-by-step instructions and best practices from the experts
... Preface ... 25
... Who This Book Is For ... 25
... How This Book Is Organized ... 26
... Acknowledgments ... 28
1 ... Introduction to the General Ledger in SAP S/4HANA ... 31
1.1 ... Financial Accounting ... 32
1.2 ... Evolution of General Ledger ... 43
1.3 ... Features of General Ledger Accounting in SAP S/4HANA ... 46
1.4 ... Summary ... 48
2 ... Organizational Structure ... 49
2.1 ... Organizational Elements ... 50
2.2 ... Customizing for General Ledger Enterprise Structure ... 57
2.3 ... Summary ... 72
3 ... Integrated Business Processes ... 75
3.1 ... Integration with Finance ... 76
3.2 ... Integrated Business Processes in General Ledger Accounting ... 10
3.3 ... Integration with Logistics ... 117
3.4 ... Integration with SAP Human Capital Management for SAP S/4HANA ... 119
3.5 ... Integration with External Systems ... 120
3.6 ... SAP S/4HANA Finance Integration with Other SAP Components ... 123
3.7 ... Summary ... 124
4 ... Fiscal Year and Posting Periods ... 127
4.1 ... Fiscal Years and Calendar Years ... 128
4.2 ... Shortened Fiscal Years ... 132
4.3 ... Special Periods ... 138
4.4 ... Variant Principle ... 139
4.5 ... Posting Periods ... 140
4.6 ... Opening and Closing Fiscal Years ... 142
4.7 ... Fiscal Year Challenges in Asset Accounting ... 147
4.8 ... Fiscal Year Conversion ... 148
4.9 ... Customizing Fiscal Year Variants ... 150
4.10 ... Customizing Posting Periods ... 156
4.11 ... Summary ... 158
5 ... Parallel Reporting ... 161
5.1 ... Parallel Accounting in Financial Accounting ... 162
5.2 ... Parallel Accounting in the Classic General Ledger, New General Ledger, and SAP S/4HANA General Ledger ... 164
5.3 ... Parallel Accounting with Special Purpose Ledgers ... 164
5.4 ... Parallel Accounting with the Company Code Approach ... 165
5.5 ... Parallel Accounting with the Accounts Approach ... 166
5.6 ... Parallel Accounting with Parallel Ledger Approach ... 168
5.7 ... Parallel Accounting in Application Components ... 180
5.8 ... Customizing Ledgers and Currencies ... 192
5.9 ... Customizing Parallel Accounting in Financial Accounting ... 196
5.10 ... Customizing Parallel Accounting in Asset Accounting ... 198
5.11 ... Customizing Parallel Accounting in Controlling ... 201
5.12 ... Subsequent Implementation of Accounting Principle ... 207
5.13 ... Preparation Phase ... 211
5.14 ... Execution Phase ... 223
5.15 ... Postprocessing Phase ... 228
5.16 ... Summary ... 230
6 ... Currencies ... 231
6.1 ... Currency Definitions ... 232
6.2 ... Currencies in SAP General Ledger ... 235
6.3 ... Exchange Rates ... 246
6.4 ... Customizing Currencies ... 254
6.5 ... Subsequent Implementation of Currencies ... 267
6.6 ... Summary ... 287
7 ... Master Data ... 289
7.1 ... Chart of Accounts ... 290
7.2 ... General Ledger Account Master Data ... 294
7.3 ... Account Groups ... 304
7.4 ... Profit Center Master Data ... 304
7.5 ... Segments ... 309
7.6 ... Global Hierarchies ... 311
7.7 ... Statistical Key Figures ... 312
7.8 ... Retained Earnings Accounts ... 316
7.9 ... Financial System Versions ... 317
7.10 ... Coding Block Extensibility ... 320
7.11 ... Changing General Ledger Account Open Item Management Status ... 324
7.12 ... Customizing Settings ... 329
7.13 ... Summary ... 332
8 ... Documents and Posting Control ... 335
8.1 ... Document Overview ... 335
8.2 ... Data Entry View versus General Ledger View ... 340
8.3 ... Screen Variants for Document Entry ... 343
8.4 ... Document Change Rules ... 345
8.5 ... Document Types ... 351
8.6 ... Posting Keys ... 352
8.7 ... Field Statuses ... 353
8.8 ... Tolerance Groups for Posting Authorizations ... 355
8.9 ... Defining Text for Line Items ... 357
8.10 ... Defining Default Values ... 359
8.11 ... Document Numbering ... 361
8.12 ... Summarization ... 365
8.13 ... Customizing ... 368
8.14 ... Summary ... 380
9 ... Document Splitting ... 381
9.1 ... Document Splitting Basics ... 382
9.2 ... Basic Document Splitting ... 386
9.3 ... Extending Document Splitting ... 402
9.4 ... Segment Reporting ... 411
9.5 ... Subsequent Implementation of Document Splitting ... 423
9.6 ... Summary ... 452
10 ... Profit Center Accounting ... 453
10.1 ... Profit Center Accounting Basics ... 453
10.2 ... Planning ... 458
10.3 ... Actual Postings ... 462
10.4 ... Transfer Pricing ... 485
10.5 ... Profit Center Reorganization in SAP S/4HANA ... 495
10.6 ... Customizing ... 498
10.7 ... Summary ... 500
11 ... Document Posting ... 503
11.1 ... Document Parking ... 504
11.2 ... Document Holds ... 516
11.3 ... Posting Simple Financial Accounting Documents ... 521
11.4 ... Journal Entry Workflow ... 524
11.5 ... Changing Documents ... 526
11.6 ... Reversing Documents ... 529
11.7 ... Recurring Documents ... 539
11.8 ... Enhancements to Document Postings ... 550
11.9 ... Summary ... 554
12 ... Document Clearing ... 555
12.1 ... Open Item Clearing ... 556
12.2 ... Clearing Transactions ... 563
12.3 ... Clearing Process ... 565
12.4 ... Posting with Clearing ... 575
12.5 ... Account Clearing ... 575
12.6 ... Managing Payment Differences ... 576
12.7 ... Bank Subaccounts ... 581
12.8 ... Resetting Clearing ... 582
12.9 ... Cross-Company Code Postings ... 583
12.10 ... Clearing Open Items in Foreign Currency ... 587
12.11 ... Summary ... 588
13 ... Cost of Sales Accounting ... 589
13.1 ... What Is Cost of Sales Accounting? ... 590
13.2 ... Functional Area Concept ... 592
13.3 ... Managing Functional Areas ... 593
13.4 ... Activate Cost of Sales Accounting ... 596
13.5 ... Cost of Sales Reporting ... 597
13.6 ... Customizing Activities ... 600
13.7 ... Summary ... 610
14 ... Financial Close ... 611
14.1 ... The Financial Closing Process ... 612
14.2 ... Allocations in General Ledger Accounting ... 616
14.3 ... Balance Interest Calculation ... 651
14.4 ... Foreign Currency Valuation ... 657
14.5 ... Multicurrency Accounting ... 661
14.6 ... Goods Receipt and Invoice Receipt Clearing ... 667
14.7 ... Balance Carry-Forward ... 669
14.8 ... Intercompany Matching and Reconciliation ... 672
14.9 ... Closing Tools ... 675
14.10 ... Summary ... 677
15 ... Accruals Management ... 679
15.1 ... Accrual and Deferral Accounts ... 680
15.2 ... Types of Accruals ... 682
15.3 ... Analyzing Accrual Postings ... 698
15.4 ... Customizing ... 699
15.5 ... Migration of Manual Accruals to the SAP S/4HANA Accruals Engine ... 727
15.6 ... Summary ... 730
16 ... Reporting and Analytics ... 733
16.1 ... Reporting Basics ... 734
16.2 ... Financial Statements ... 744
16.3 ... General Ledger Reports ... 754
16.4 ... Profit Center and Segment Reporting ... 769
16.5 ... Other Reporting Tools ... 774
16.6 ... Summary ... 780
17 ... Conversion to the General Ledger in SAP S/4HANA ... 781
17.1 ... Deployment Options ... 782
17.2 ... SAP Activate Methodology ... 784
17.3 ... Conversion Process ... 787
17.4 ... Best Practices ... 799
17.5 ... Customizing in Financial Accounting ... 801
17.6 ... Summary ... 814
18 ... General Ledger with Central Finance ... 815
18.1 ... What Is Central Finance? ... 816
18.2 ... Master Data in Central Finance ... 821
18.3 ... Mapping General Ledger Account Attributes ... 826
18.4 ... Mapping of Profit Center and Segments ... 836
18.5 ... Open Items Clearing ... 837
18.6 ... Best Practices ... 838
18.7 ... General Ledger Customizing Settings ... 839
18.8 ... Summary ... 849
19 ... Miscellaneous Topics ... 851
19.1 ... Application Jobs ... 851
19.2 ... Document Transfers using Application Link Enabling ... 855
19.3 ... Sets and TVARVC Tables ... 857
19.4 ... Authorizations ... 862
19.5 ... Document Archiving ... 864
19.6 ... Integrating SAP S/4HANA with a Shared Service Center ... 866
19.7 ... Summary ... 867
... The Authors ... 869
... Index ... 871
... Who This Book Is For ... 25
... How This Book Is Organized ... 26
... Acknowledgments ... 28
1 ... Introduction to the General Ledger in SAP S/4HANA ... 31
1.1 ... Financial Accounting ... 32
1.2 ... Evolution of General Ledger ... 43
1.3 ... Features of General Ledger Accounting in SAP S/4HANA ... 46
1.4 ... Summary ... 48
2 ... Organizational Structure ... 49
2.1 ... Organizational Elements ... 50
2.2 ... Customizing for General Ledger Enterprise Structure ... 57
2.3 ... Summary ... 72
3 ... Integrated Business Processes ... 75
3.1 ... Integration with Finance ... 76
3.2 ... Integrated Business Processes in General Ledger Accounting ... 10
3.3 ... Integration with Logistics ... 117
3.4 ... Integration with SAP Human Capital Management for SAP S/4HANA ... 119
3.5 ... Integration with External Systems ... 120
3.6 ... SAP S/4HANA Finance Integration with Other SAP Components ... 123
3.7 ... Summary ... 124
4 ... Fiscal Year and Posting Periods ... 127
4.1 ... Fiscal Years and Calendar Years ... 128
4.2 ... Shortened Fiscal Years ... 132
4.3 ... Special Periods ... 138
4.4 ... Variant Principle ... 139
4.5 ... Posting Periods ... 140
4.6 ... Opening and Closing Fiscal Years ... 142
4.7 ... Fiscal Year Challenges in Asset Accounting ... 147
4.8 ... Fiscal Year Conversion ... 148
4.9 ... Customizing Fiscal Year Variants ... 150
4.10 ... Customizing Posting Periods ... 156
4.11 ... Summary ... 158
5 ... Parallel Reporting ... 161
5.1 ... Parallel Accounting in Financial Accounting ... 162
5.2 ... Parallel Accounting in the Classic General Ledger, New General Ledger, and SAP S/4HANA General Ledger ... 164
5.3 ... Parallel Accounting with Special Purpose Ledgers ... 164
5.4 ... Parallel Accounting with the Company Code Approach ... 165
5.5 ... Parallel Accounting with the Accounts Approach ... 166
5.6 ... Parallel Accounting with Parallel Ledger Approach ... 168
5.7 ... Parallel Accounting in Application Components ... 180
5.8 ... Customizing Ledgers and Currencies ... 192
5.9 ... Customizing Parallel Accounting in Financial Accounting ... 196
5.10 ... Customizing Parallel Accounting in Asset Accounting ... 198
5.11 ... Customizing Parallel Accounting in Controlling ... 201
5.12 ... Subsequent Implementation of Accounting Principle ... 207
5.13 ... Preparation Phase ... 211
5.14 ... Execution Phase ... 223
5.15 ... Postprocessing Phase ... 228
5.16 ... Summary ... 230
6 ... Currencies ... 231
6.1 ... Currency Definitions ... 232
6.2 ... Currencies in SAP General Ledger ... 235
6.3 ... Exchange Rates ... 246
6.4 ... Customizing Currencies ... 254
6.5 ... Subsequent Implementation of Currencies ... 267
6.6 ... Summary ... 287
7 ... Master Data ... 289
7.1 ... Chart of Accounts ... 290
7.2 ... General Ledger Account Master Data ... 294
7.3 ... Account Groups ... 304
7.4 ... Profit Center Master Data ... 304
7.5 ... Segments ... 309
7.6 ... Global Hierarchies ... 311
7.7 ... Statistical Key Figures ... 312
7.8 ... Retained Earnings Accounts ... 316
7.9 ... Financial System Versions ... 317
7.10 ... Coding Block Extensibility ... 320
7.11 ... Changing General Ledger Account Open Item Management Status ... 324
7.12 ... Customizing Settings ... 329
7.13 ... Summary ... 332
8 ... Documents and Posting Control ... 335
8.1 ... Document Overview ... 335
8.2 ... Data Entry View versus General Ledger View ... 340
8.3 ... Screen Variants for Document Entry ... 343
8.4 ... Document Change Rules ... 345
8.5 ... Document Types ... 351
8.6 ... Posting Keys ... 352
8.7 ... Field Statuses ... 353
8.8 ... Tolerance Groups for Posting Authorizations ... 355
8.9 ... Defining Text for Line Items ... 357
8.10 ... Defining Default Values ... 359
8.11 ... Document Numbering ... 361
8.12 ... Summarization ... 365
8.13 ... Customizing ... 368
8.14 ... Summary ... 380
9 ... Document Splitting ... 381
9.1 ... Document Splitting Basics ... 382
9.2 ... Basic Document Splitting ... 386
9.3 ... Extending Document Splitting ... 402
9.4 ... Segment Reporting ... 411
9.5 ... Subsequent Implementation of Document Splitting ... 423
9.6 ... Summary ... 452
10 ... Profit Center Accounting ... 453
10.1 ... Profit Center Accounting Basics ... 453
10.2 ... Planning ... 458
10.3 ... Actual Postings ... 462
10.4 ... Transfer Pricing ... 485
10.5 ... Profit Center Reorganization in SAP S/4HANA ... 495
10.6 ... Customizing ... 498
10.7 ... Summary ... 500
11 ... Document Posting ... 503
11.1 ... Document Parking ... 504
11.2 ... Document Holds ... 516
11.3 ... Posting Simple Financial Accounting Documents ... 521
11.4 ... Journal Entry Workflow ... 524
11.5 ... Changing Documents ... 526
11.6 ... Reversing Documents ... 529
11.7 ... Recurring Documents ... 539
11.8 ... Enhancements to Document Postings ... 550
11.9 ... Summary ... 554
12 ... Document Clearing ... 555
12.1 ... Open Item Clearing ... 556
12.2 ... Clearing Transactions ... 563
12.3 ... Clearing Process ... 565
12.4 ... Posting with Clearing ... 575
12.5 ... Account Clearing ... 575
12.6 ... Managing Payment Differences ... 576
12.7 ... Bank Subaccounts ... 581
12.8 ... Resetting Clearing ... 582
12.9 ... Cross-Company Code Postings ... 583
12.10 ... Clearing Open Items in Foreign Currency ... 587
12.11 ... Summary ... 588
13 ... Cost of Sales Accounting ... 589
13.1 ... What Is Cost of Sales Accounting? ... 590
13.2 ... Functional Area Concept ... 592
13.3 ... Managing Functional Areas ... 593
13.4 ... Activate Cost of Sales Accounting ... 596
13.5 ... Cost of Sales Reporting ... 597
13.6 ... Customizing Activities ... 600
13.7 ... Summary ... 610
14 ... Financial Close ... 611
14.1 ... The Financial Closing Process ... 612
14.2 ... Allocations in General Ledger Accounting ... 616
14.3 ... Balance Interest Calculation ... 651
14.4 ... Foreign Currency Valuation ... 657
14.5 ... Multicurrency Accounting ... 661
14.6 ... Goods Receipt and Invoice Receipt Clearing ... 667
14.7 ... Balance Carry-Forward ... 669
14.8 ... Intercompany Matching and Reconciliation ... 672
14.9 ... Closing Tools ... 675
14.10 ... Summary ... 677
15 ... Accruals Management ... 679
15.1 ... Accrual and Deferral Accounts ... 680
15.2 ... Types of Accruals ... 682
15.3 ... Analyzing Accrual Postings ... 698
15.4 ... Customizing ... 699
15.5 ... Migration of Manual Accruals to the SAP S/4HANA Accruals Engine ... 727
15.6 ... Summary ... 730
16 ... Reporting and Analytics ... 733
16.1 ... Reporting Basics ... 734
16.2 ... Financial Statements ... 744
16.3 ... General Ledger Reports ... 754
16.4 ... Profit Center and Segment Reporting ... 769
16.5 ... Other Reporting Tools ... 774
16.6 ... Summary ... 780
17 ... Conversion to the General Ledger in SAP S/4HANA ... 781
17.1 ... Deployment Options ... 782
17.2 ... SAP Activate Methodology ... 784
17.3 ... Conversion Process ... 787
17.4 ... Best Practices ... 799
17.5 ... Customizing in Financial Accounting ... 801
17.6 ... Summary ... 814
18 ... General Ledger with Central Finance ... 815
18.1 ... What Is Central Finance? ... 816
18.2 ... Master Data in Central Finance ... 821
18.3 ... Mapping General Ledger Account Attributes ... 826
18.4 ... Mapping of Profit Center and Segments ... 836
18.5 ... Open Items Clearing ... 837
18.6 ... Best Practices ... 838
18.7 ... General Ledger Customizing Settings ... 839
18.8 ... Summary ... 849
19 ... Miscellaneous Topics ... 851
19.1 ... Application Jobs ... 851
19.2 ... Document Transfers using Application Link Enabling ... 855
19.3 ... Sets and TVARVC Tables ... 857
19.4 ... Authorizations ... 862
19.5 ... Document Archiving ... 864
19.6 ... Integrating SAP S/4HANA with a Shared Service Center ... 866
19.7 ... Summary ... 867
... The Authors ... 869
... Index ... 871