Chicano and Chicana Art

Jennifer A. González, C. Ondine Chavoya, Chon Noriega, and Terezita Romo, editors

Jennifer A. González is Professor of History of Art and Visual Culture at the University of California, Santa Cruz. C. Ondine Chavoya is Professor of Art at Williams College. Chon Noriega is Professor of Film, Television, and Digital Media at the University of California, Los Angeles. Terezita Romo is Program Officer at The San Francisco Foundation.

List of Illustrations  ix Preface  xiii Acknowledgments  xv Introduction / Jennifer A. González  1 Part I. Definitions and Debates Introduction / Chon Noriega  13 1. Looking for Alternatives: Notes on Chicano Art, 1960-1990 / Philip Brookman 19 2. Con Safo (C/S) Artists: A Contingency Factor / Mel Casas  30 3. El Arte de Chicano: "The Spirit of the Experience" / Gilbert Sanchez Luján  32 4. Notes on an Aesthetic Alternative / Carlos Almaraz  35 5. A Critical Perspective on the State of Chicano Art / Malaquís Montoya and Lezlie Salkowitz-Montoya  37 6. Response: Another Opinion on the State of Chicano Art / Shifra M. Goldman  45 7. Post-Chicano / Rita Gonzalez  54 8. The New Chicano Moment / Josh Kun  58 9. Post-movimiento: The Contemporary (Re)Generation of Chicana/o Art / Tomás Ybarra-Frausto  66 Further Reading  72 Part II. Cultural Reclamation and Vernacular Traditions Introduction / Terezita Romo  75 10. The Politics of Popular Art / Rupert García  81 11. Rasquachismo: A Chicano Sensibility / Tomás Ybarra-Frausto  85 12. Domesticana: The Sensibility of Chicana Rasquache / Amalia Mesa-Bains  91 13. Chicano Humor in Art: For Whom the Taco Bell Tolls / Rubén Trejo  100 14. Points of Convergence: Iconography of the Chicano Poster / Terezita Romo  104 15. Graffiti Is Art: Any Drawn Line That Speaks about Identity, Dignity, and Unity . . . That Line Is Art / Charles "Chaz" Bojórquez  117 16. Inventing Tradition, Negotiating Modernism: Chicano/a Art and the Pre-Columbian Past / Victor Zamudio-Taylor  123 17. Negotiated Frontiers: Contemporary Chicano Photography / Jennifer A. González  135 18. Deus ex Machina: Tradition, Technology, and the Chicanafuturist Art of Marion C. Martinez / Catherine S. Ramírez  146 19. Celia Alvarez Muñoz: "Civic Studies" / Roberto Tejada  165 Further Reading  174 Part III. Bodily Aesthetics and Iconologies Introduction / Jennifer A. González  177 20. Mel Casas: Redefining America / Nancy Kelker  183 21. Drawing Offensive/Offensive Drawing: Toward a Theory of Mariconógraphy / Robb Hernández  194 22. The Pachuco's Flayed Hide: Mobility, Identity, and Buenas Garras / Marcos Sánchez-Tranquilino and John Tagg  208 23. Writing on the Social Body: Dresses and Body Ornamentation in Contemporary Chicana Art / Laura A. Pérez  219 24. Ojo de la Diosa: Becoming Divine in Delilah Montoya's Photography / Asta Kuusinen  237 25. Art Comes for the Archbishop: The Semiotics of Contemporary Chicana Feminism and the Work of Alma López / Luz Calvo  250 Further Reading  263 Part IV. Public Practices and Enacted Landscapes Introduction / C. Ondine Chavoya  267 26. The Enacted Environment of East Los Angeles / James T. Rojas  271 27. Space, Power, and Youth Culture: Mexican American Graffiti and Chicano Murals in East Los Angeles, 1972-1978 / Marcos Sánchez-Tranquilino  278 28. Pseudographic Cinema: Asco's No-Movies / C. Ondine Chavoya  292 29. Whose Monument Where? Public Art in a Many-Cultured Society / Judith F. Baca  304 30. La Memoria de Nuestra Tierra: Colorado / Judith F. Baca  310 31. The Donkey Cart Caper: Some Thoughts on Socially Conscious Art in Antisocial Public Space / David Avalos  314 32. Public Audit: An Interview with Elizabeth Sisco, Louis Hock, and David Avalos / Clyena Simonds  319 Further Reading  331 Part V. Border Visions and Immigration Politics Introduction / Jennifer A. González  335 33. Border Arte: Nepantle, el Lugar de la Frontera / Gloria Anzaldúa  341 34. The Spaces of Home in Chicano and Latino Representations of the San Diego–Tijuana Borderlands (1968–2002) / Jo-Anne Berelowitz  351 35. Straddling la otra frontera: Inserting MiChicana/o Visual Culture into Chicana/o Art History / Dylan Miner  372 36. Borders, Border Crossing, and Political Art in North Carolina / Gabriela Valdivia, Joseph Palis, and Matthew Reilly  394 37. Excerpts from Codex Espangliensis: From Columbus to the Border Patrol / Enrique Chagoya, Guillermo Gómez-Peña, and Felicia Rice  402 38. 187 Reasons Why Mexicanos Can't Cross the Border (Remix) / Juan Felipe Herrera  406 Further Reading  410 Part VI. Institutional Frameworks and Critical Reception Introduction / C. Ondine Chavoya  413 39. Los Four / Peter Plagens  417 40. MARCH to an Aesthetic of Revolution / Raye Bemis  420 41. Resisting Modernism: Chicano Art: Retro Progressive or Progressive Retro? / Ralph Rugoff  423 42. Our America at the Smithsonian / Philip Kennicott  427 43. Alex Rivera, Philip Kennicott Debate Washington Post Review of Our America / Philip Kennicott  430 44. What Do We Mean When We Talk about "Latino Art"? / Elizabeth Blair  434 45. Chicano Art: Looking Backward / Shifra M. Goldman  436 46. Readers' Forum Letter to the Editor in Response to Shifra Goldman's Exhibition Review / Judithe Elena Hernández de Neikrug  440 47. Readers' Forum Response to Judithe Hernandez's Letter to the Editor / Shifra M. Goldman  442 48. "All Roads Lead to East L.A.," Goez Art Studios and Gallery  / Karen Mary Davalos  444 49. From CARA to CACA: The Multiple Anatomies of Chicano/a Art at the Turn of the New Century / Alicia Gaspar de Alba  455 50. On Museum Row: Aesthetics and the Politics of Exhibition / Chon Noriega  470 51. Strangeways Here We Come / Rita Gonzalez  484 Further Reading  495 Glossary  497 Contributors  501 Index  509 Acknowledgment of Copyrights  531