The Field Orientation Principle in Control of Induction Motors

The Field Orientation Principle was fIrst formulated by Haase, in 1968, and Blaschke, in 1970. At that time, their ideas seemed impractical because of the insufficient means of implementation. However, in the early eighties, technological advances in static power converters and microprocessor-based control systems made the high-performance a. c. drive systems fully feasible. Since then, hundreds of papers dealing with various aspects of the Field Orientation Principle have appeared every year in the technical literature, and numerous commercial high-performance a. c. drives based on this principle have been developed. The term "vector control" is often used with regard to these systems. Today, it seems certain that almost all d. c. industrial drives will be ousted in the foreseeable future, to be, in major part, superseded by a. c. drive systems with vector controlled induction motors. This transition has already been taking place in industries of developed countries. Vector controlled a. c. drives have been proven capable of even better dynamic performance than d. c. drive systems, because of higher allowable speeds and shorter time constants of a. c. motors. It should be mentioned that the Field Orientation Principle can be used in control not only of induction (asynchronous) motors, but of all kinds of synchronous motors as well. Vector controlled drive systems with the so called brushless d. c. motors have found many applications in high performance drive systems, such as machine tools and industrial robots.

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1 Dynamic Model of the Induction Motor.- 1.1 Space Vectors in Stator Reference Frame.- 1.2 Direct and Inverse Three-Phase to Stator Reference Frame Transformations.- 1.3 Voltage and Current Equations in Stator Reference Frame.- 1.4 Torque Equation.- 1.5 Dynamic Equivalent Circuit.- 1.6 Direct and Inverse Stator to Excitation Reference Frame Transformations.- 1.7 Motor Equations in Excitation Reference Frame.- 1.8 Examples and Simulations.- 2 Scalar Control of Induction Motors.- 2.1 The ? Equivalent Circuit of an Induction Motor.- 2.2 Principles of the Constant Volts/Hertz Control.- 2.3 Scalar Speed Control System.- 2.4 The ? Equivalent Circuit of an Induction Motor.- 2.5 Principles of the Torque Control.- 2.6 Scalar Torque Control System.- 2.7 Examples and Simulations.- 3 Field Orientation Principle.- 3.1 Optimal Torque Production Conditions.- 3.2 Dynamic Block Diagram of an Induction Motor in the Excitation Reference Frame.- 3.3 Field Orientation Conditions.- 4 Classic Field Orientation Schemes.- 4.1 Field Orientation with Respect to the Rotor Flux Vector.- 4.2 Direct Rotor Flux Orientation Scheme.- 4.3 Indirect Rotor Flux Orientation Scheme.- 4.4 Examples and Simulations.- 5 Inverters.- 5.1 Voltage Source Inverter.- 5.2 Voltage Control in Voltage Source Inverters.- 5.3 Current Control in Voltage Source Inverters.- 5.4 Current Source Inverter.- 5.5 Examples and Simulations.- 6 Review of Vector Control Systems.- 6.1 Systems with Stator Flux Orientation.- 6.2 Systems with Airgap Flux Orientation.- 6.3 Systems with Current Source Inverters.- 6.4 Observers for Vector Control Systems.- 6.5 Adaptive Schemes.- 6.6 Position and Speed Control of Field-Oriented Induction Motors.- 6.7 Examples and Simulations.