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Evolution of Island Mammals
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Adaptation and Extinction of Placental Mammals on Islands
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85,01 €* E-Book
Artikel-Nr:
9781444391282
Veröffentl:
2011
Einband:
E-Book
Seiten:
496
Autor:
Alexandra van der Geer
eBook Typ:
EPUB
eBook Format:
E-Book
Kopierschutz:
Adobe DRM [Hard-DRM]
Sprache:
Englisch
Beschreibung:
Evolution on islands differs in a number of important ways from evolution on mainland areas. Over millions of years of isolation, exceptional and sometimes bizarre mammals evolved on islands, such as pig-sized elephants and hippos, giant rats and gorilla-sized lemurs that would have been formidable to their mainland ancestors. This timely and innovative book is the first to offer a much-needed synthesis of recent advances in the exciting field of the evolution and extinction of fossil insular placental mammals. It provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on fossil island mammals worldwide, ranging from the Oligocene to the onset of the Holocene. The book addresses evolutionary processes and key aspects of insular mammal biology, exemplified by a variety of fossil species. The authors discuss the human factor in past extinction events and loss of insular biodiversity. This accessible and richly illustrated textbook is written for graduate level students and professional researchers in evolutionary biology, palaeontology, biogeography, zoology, and ecology.
Evolution on islands differs in a number of important ways fromevolution on mainland areas. Over millions of years ofisolation, exceptional and sometimes bizarre mammals evolved onislands, such as pig-sized elephants and hippos, giant rats andgorilla-sized lemurs that would have been formidable to theirmainland ancestors.
This timely and innovative book is the first to offer amuch-needed synthesis of recent advances in the exciting field ofthe evolution and extinction of fossil insular placental mammals.It provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on fossilisland mammals worldwide, ranging from the Oligocene to the onsetof the Holocene.
The book addresses evolutionary processes and key aspects ofinsular mammal biology, exemplified by a variety of fossil species.The authors discuss the human factor in past extinction events andloss of insular biodiversity.
This accessible and richly illustrated textbook is written forgraduate level students and professional researchers inevolutionary biology, palaeontology, biogeography, zoology, andecology.
This timely and innovative book is the first to offer amuch-needed synthesis of recent advances in the exciting field ofthe evolution and extinction of fossil insular placental mammals.It provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on fossilisland mammals worldwide, ranging from the Oligocene to the onsetof the Holocene.
The book addresses evolutionary processes and key aspects ofinsular mammal biology, exemplified by a variety of fossil species.The authors discuss the human factor in past extinction events andloss of insular biodiversity.
This accessible and richly illustrated textbook is written forgraduate level students and professional researchers inevolutionary biology, palaeontology, biogeography, zoology, andecology.
Preface.
Part I Beyond the Mainland.
1 Introduction.
2 History of Island Studies.
3 Factors that Influence Island Faunas.
Types of Islands.
Dispersals to Islands.
The Candidate Species.
Composition of Island Faunas.
Part II The Islands and Their Faunas.
4 Cyprus.
Geology and Palaeogeography
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
5 Crete.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
6 Gargano.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
7 Sicily.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
8 Malta.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
9 Sardinia and Corsica.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
10 The Balearic Islands.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
11 Madagascar.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
12 Java.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
13 Flores.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
14 Sulawesi.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
15 The Philippines.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
16 Japan.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
17 The Southern and Central Ryukyu Islands.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
18 The Californian Channel Islands.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
19 The West Indies.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
Part III Species and Processes.
20 Elephants, Mammoths, Stegodons and Mastodons.
Distribution and Range.
Dispersals.
Taxonomic Confusions.
Common Morphological Traits.
Other Common Trends.
21 Rabbits, Hares and Pikas.
Distribution and Range.
Common Morphological Traits.
Other Common Trends.
Dispersal of Lagomorphs.
22 Rats, Dormice, Hamsters, Caviomorphs and other Rodents.
Distribution and Range.
Common Morphological Traits.
Remark on Taphonomy.
23 Insectivores and Bats.
Distribution and Range.
Common Morphological Traits.
24 Cervids and Bovids.
Distribution and Range.
Common Morphological Traits.
Taxonomic Confusions.
25 Hippopotamuses and Pigs.
Distribution and Range.
Common Morphological Traits.
Taxonomic Confusions.
26 Carnivores.
Distribution and Range.
Common Morphological Traits.
Taxonomic Confusions.
27 Patterns and Trends.
Dwarfism and Gigantism.
Increased Size Variation.
Shorter Limbs and Stiff Joints.
Increased Grinding Force.
Neurological Changes.
Changes in Metabolism.
28 Evolutionary Processes in Island Environments.
Types of Speciation on Islands.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors.
29 Extinction of Insular Endemics.
Natural Disasters.
Disappearance of the Island.
Competition by New Species.
Effects of Exotic Predators.
Transmission of Diseases.
Habitat Loss.
Hunting to Extinction.
References.
Index.
Part I Beyond the Mainland.
1 Introduction.
2 History of Island Studies.
3 Factors that Influence Island Faunas.
Types of Islands.
Dispersals to Islands.
The Candidate Species.
Composition of Island Faunas.
Part II The Islands and Their Faunas.
4 Cyprus.
Geology and Palaeogeography
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
5 Crete.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
6 Gargano.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
7 Sicily.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
8 Malta.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
9 Sardinia and Corsica.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
10 The Balearic Islands.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
11 Madagascar.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
12 Java.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
13 Flores.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
14 Sulawesi.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
15 The Philippines.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
16 Japan.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
17 The Southern and Central Ryukyu Islands.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
18 The Californian Channel Islands.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
19 The West Indies.
Geology and Palaeogeography.
Historical Palaeontology.
Biozones and Faunal Units.
Part III Species and Processes.
20 Elephants, Mammoths, Stegodons and Mastodons.
Distribution and Range.
Dispersals.
Taxonomic Confusions.
Common Morphological Traits.
Other Common Trends.
21 Rabbits, Hares and Pikas.
Distribution and Range.
Common Morphological Traits.
Other Common Trends.
Dispersal of Lagomorphs.
22 Rats, Dormice, Hamsters, Caviomorphs and other Rodents.
Distribution and Range.
Common Morphological Traits.
Remark on Taphonomy.
23 Insectivores and Bats.
Distribution and Range.
Common Morphological Traits.
24 Cervids and Bovids.
Distribution and Range.
Common Morphological Traits.
Taxonomic Confusions.
25 Hippopotamuses and Pigs.
Distribution and Range.
Common Morphological Traits.
Taxonomic Confusions.
26 Carnivores.
Distribution and Range.
Common Morphological Traits.
Taxonomic Confusions.
27 Patterns and Trends.
Dwarfism and Gigantism.
Increased Size Variation.
Shorter Limbs and Stiff Joints.
Increased Grinding Force.
Neurological Changes.
Changes in Metabolism.
28 Evolutionary Processes in Island Environments.
Types of Speciation on Islands.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors.
29 Extinction of Insular Endemics.
Natural Disasters.
Disappearance of the Island.
Competition by New Species.
Effects of Exotic Predators.
Transmission of Diseases.
Habitat Loss.
Hunting to Extinction.
References.
Index.