Petroleum Geoscience

JON G. GLUYAS is Ørsted/Ikon Chair in Geoenergy, Carbon Capture and Storage in the Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, UK, and Executive Director of Durham Energy Institute.
 
RICHARD E. SWARBRICK is Honorary Professor in the Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, UK.

Petroleum Geoscience, 2nd edition is a comprehensive introduction to the application of geology and geophysics to the search for and production of oil and gas. The aim this updated second edition remains the same - to provide a comprehensive grounding in the geological sciences as applied to exploration for and production of oil and gas.
 
Uniquely, this book is structured to reflect the sequential and cyclical processes of exploration, appraisal, development and production. Chapters dedicated to each of these aspects are further illustrated by new case histories drawn from the authors' experiences. Petroleum Geoscience, 2nd edition has a global and 'geo-temporal' backdrop, drawing examples and case histories from around the world and from petroleum systems ranging in age from late-Pre-Cambrian to Pliocene.
 
In order to show how geoscience is integrated at all levels within the industry, the authors stress throughout the links between geology and geophysics on the one hand, and drilling, reservoir engineering, petrophysics, petroleum engineering, facilities design, and health, safety and the environment on the other.
 
Discovery and production of petroleum underpinned global development throughout the twentieth century but times are changing. Combustion of fossil fuels and release of greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide, is driving climate change. The skills and knowledge of the petroleum geoscientist also find application in carbon storage in and heat recovery (geothermal energy) from the Earth. This second edition addresses such technologies in the newly added Chapter 7.
 
The target readership is mainly final year undergraduates and postgraduates in the earth sciences together with little-experienced technical staff within the petroleum industry. The book draws on a large variety of examples from many basins around the world and as a consequence should appeal to those interested in petroleum geoscience, whether they be in Aberdeen or Abu Dhabi, Houston or Ho Chi Min.

Preface
 
Acknowledgements
 
1. Introduction
 
1.1. The aim and format of the book
 
1.2. Background
 
1.3. What is in this book
 
1.4. What is not in this book
 
1.5. Key terms and concepts
 
1.5.1. Petroleum
 
1.5.2. The source
 
1.5.3. The seal
 
1.5.4. The trap
 
1.5.5. The reservoir
 
1.5.6. The timing of petroleum migration
 
1.5.7. Porous rock and porosity
 
1.5.8. Permeable rock and permeability
 
1.5.9. Relative permeability
 
1.5.10. Net to gross and net pay
 
1.5.11. Water saturation
 
1.5.12. Formation volume factor
 
1.5.13. The gas to oil ratio
 
1.5.14. Timescales
 
1.5.15. The units used in this book
 
1.6. The chemistry of petroleum
 
1.6.1. Alkanes (paraffins)
 
1.6.2. Naphthenes (cycloalkenes)
 
1.6.3. Aromatics
 
1.6.4. Asphaltenes
 
1.7. Geoscience and the value chain
 
1.7.1. Exploration (chapters 3 & 4)
 
1.7.2. Appraisal (see chapter 5)
 
1.7.3. Development (see chapter 6)
 
1.7.4. Production (see chapter 6)
 
1.7.5. Reserves additions and reserves growth (see chapter 6)
 
1.7.6. Field abandonment and reactivation (see chapter 6)
 
1.7.7. Gas storage (see chapter 7)
 
1.7.8. Unconventional petroleum (see chapter 7)
 
1.8. Geoscience activity
 
1.9. Oil, gas, and geoscientists -- a global resource!
 
2. Tools
 
2.1. Introduction
 
2.2. Satellite images and other remote sensing data
 
2.2.1. Introduction
 
2.2.2. Satellite images
 
2.2.3. Gravimetric data
 
2.2.4. Magnetic data
 
2.2.5. Electromagnetic surveys
 
2.3. Seismic data
 
2.3.1. Introduction
 
2.3.2. The seismic method
 
2.3.3. Seismic acquisition
 
2.3.4. Seismic processing
 
2.3.5. Seismic interpretation
 
2.4. Wireline log data
 
2.4.1. Introduction
 
2.4.2. Rock tools
 
2.4.3. Seismic enhancement
 
2.4.4. Porosity and permeability tools
 
2.4.5. Fluid tools
 
2.4.6. Pressure tool
 
2.5. Core and cuttings
 
2.5.1. Introduction
 
2.5.2. Conventional core analysis (porosity and permeability)
 
2.5.3. Core logging
 
2.5.4. Petrography
 
2.5.5. Geochemistry
 
2.5.6. Biostratigraphy
 
2.6. Fluid samples from wells
 
2.6.1. Introduction
 
2.6.2. The sampling of fluids
 
2.6.3. Petroleum
 
2.6.4. Water
 
2.7. Outcrop data
 
2.7.1. Introduction
 
2.7.2. Maps
 
2.7.3. Reservoir analogs
 
2.7.4. Rock sampling and analysis
 
2.8. Seepage of petroleum
 
3. Frontier exploration
 
3.1. Introduction
 
3.2. Acquisition of acreage
 
3.2.1. Early access to acreage
 
3.2.2. The licensing process
 
3.2.3. License areas
 
3.2.4. Farm-ins, farm-outs, and other deals
 
3.3. Direct petroleum indicators
 
3.3.1. Introduction
 
3.3.2. Petroleum leakage and seepage
 
3.3.3. The identification of petroleum on seismic data
 
3.4. Basin types
 
3.4.1. Introduction
 
3.4.2. Extensional basins, generated by divergent plate motion
 
3.4.3. Basins generated during convergent plate motion
 
3.4.4. Strike-slip basins
 
3.5. Basin histories
 
3.5.1. Introduction
 
3.5.2. Subsidence
 
3.5.3. Sediment supply
 
3.5.4. Burial