Use of Microbes for Control and Eradication of Invasive Arthropods

One of the main reasons that we organized this edited volume is to increase - ternational awareness of the growing use of invertebrate pathogens for control and eradication of invasive arthropods. As the numbers of invasive species continues to rise, more insect pathologists have been involved with work on their control using entomopathogens. In fact, this is not a new area of focus for insect pathologists; work on microbes against invasive arthropods began more than a century ago with classicalbiologicalcontrolintroductionsofentomopathogenicfungiagainstinvasive species in the 1890s. Chapters in this book cover entomopathogens that have been developedforcontrolofinvasivespeciesovermanydecades(e. g. anematodeagainst Sirex noctilio and Bacillus thuringiensis against gypsy moth) while other chapters focusondevelopmentofcontrolmeasuresforveryrecentinvasives(e. g. emeraldash borer?rstfoundintheUSin2002). SinceboththeUnitedStatesandNewZealandare countrieswithabundanttrade,whichisakeypathwayforinvasives,wehavebeenvery awareofthegrowingnumbers ofinvasive pestsarrivinginour owncountries andthe needforcontrolstrategies. Wehavebeencloselyinvolvedwiththeircontrolusing- crobes,atvaryinglevels(fromlaboratorybenchto?eldstudiestonationalcommittees evaluating eradication programs using the entomopathogen B. thuringiensis). Within the past few years, symposia on use of microbes for invasive control have been organized twice at the annual meetings of the Society of Invertebrate Pathology (2005 Anchorage, Alaska, and 2007 Quebec City, Quebec, Canada), demonstrating interest in this subject across the international community of inv- tebrate pathologists. However, no written summaries, covering the different types of pathogens being studied, developed and used for control, have previously - dressed this subject.

This is a diverse presentation about the use of arthropod-specific pathogens for control and eradication of invasive arthropod species. Basic concepts supporting use of pathogens for microbial control are covered as well as societal and environmental concerns.

Covers use of arthropod-specific pathogens for control and eradication of invasive arthropod species

Invasive Arthropods and Approaches for Their Microbial Control.- Ecological Considerations.- Naturally Occurring Pathogens and Invasive Arthropods.- Population Ecology of Managing Insect Invasions.- Eradication.- Use of Pathogens for Eradication of Exotic Lepidopteran Pests in New Zealand.- North American Eradications of Asian and European Gypsy Moth.- Control.- Exotic Aphid Control with Pathogens.- Steinernema scapterisci as a Biological Control Agent of Scapteriscus Mole Crickets.- The Use of Oryctes Virus for Control of Rhinoceros Beetle in the Pacific Islands.- Use of Microbes for Control of Monochamus alternatus, Vector of the Invasive Pinewood Nematode.- Use of Entomopathogens against Invasive Wood Boring Beetles in North America.- Control of Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar, in North America since 1878.- Controlling the Pine-Killing Woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, with Nematodes.- Fire Ant Control with Entomopathogens in the USA.- Biological Control of the Cassava Green Mite in Africa with Brazilian Isolates of the Fungal Pathogen Neozygites tanajoae.- Microbial Control for Invasive Arthropod Pests of Honey Bees.- Safety and Public Issues.- Human Health Effects Resulting from Exposure to Bacillus thuringiensis Applied during Insect Control Programmes.- Environmental Impacts of Microbial Control Agents Used for Control of Invasive Pests.- Conclusions.- Considerations for the Practical Use of Pathogens for Control and Eradication of Arthropod Invasive Pests.