Techniques and Concepts of High-Energy Physics

The eleventhAdvancedS tudyInstitute(ASI) on Techniquesand Con ceptsof High Energy Physics marks thetransitionfrom anextraordinary centuryof scienceto one thatwill surely bring wonderswe can scarcely imagine.It also marks a transitionfrom its founder,theinimitableTom Ferbel,to its newdirectors . We are honoredto have beenasked to con tinue the venerabletraditionthat Tom established. The school is his distinctivecreation , and will always bearhis mark. The 2000 meetingwas held at the Hotel on the Cay in St. Croix. It is an ideal location: sufficientlysecluded to inspire a vigorous but informal intellectualatmosphere,yet closeenough to the main island to afford opportunitiesto mingle with the locals and partakeof their hospitality.Altogether 76 physicistsboth young, and not so young, par ticipatedfrom 18 count r ies . Forthe first time, this meetingattract ed a substantialnumber of studentsfrom EasternEurope, all of whom were warmly welcomed.The bulk of thefinancialsupportfor themeetingwas providedby the ScientificAffairs Division of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO). The ASI was co-sponsoredby the U .S. Depart ment of Energy (DOE) , by the Fermi National Ac celeratorLaboratory (Fermilab), by the U.S . NationalS cien ceFoundation(NSF ), the Univer sity of Rochester , Florida State University (FSU) and the Institutefor Theoreticaland ExperimentalPhysics (ITEP , Moscow). As is the tradition , the scientificprogramwas designedfor advanced graduatestudentsand recentPhD recipientsin experimentalparticle physics. The present volume covers topics that updateand comple ment those published (by Plenum and Kluw er) for the first ten ASIs. The materi al in this volume shou ld be of interest to a wide audience of physicists.

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, St.Croix, Virgin Islands, USA, 15-26 June 2000

1 The Standard Model: 30 Years of Glory.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 QCD.- 1.3 Weak interaction and quark and lepton families.- 1.4 LEP and SLC: The ideal machines for Standard Model studies.- 1.5 Conclusion.- 2 Bremsstrahlung.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Small coupling, large logarithms and evolution.- 2.3 Bremsstrahlung, coherence, conservation of current.- 2.4 Back to QCD 80.- 3 Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Non-conservation of baryon number.- 3.3 Hot Big Bang.- 3.4 Grand unified baryogenesis.- 3.5 Leptogenesis.- 3.6 Electroweak baryogenesis.- 3.7 Conclusions.- 4 Introduction to Superstring Theory.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Lecture 1: Overview and Motivation.- 4.3 Lecture 2: String Theory Basics.- 4.4 Lecture 3: Superstrings.- 4.5 Lecture 4: From Super strings to M Theory.- 5 Neutrino Mass and Oscillations.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Neutrinos in the Standard Model.- 5.3 Direct Measurements of Neutrino Mass.- 5.4 Motivating Neutrino Mass and Sterile Neutrinos in the Theory.- 5.5 Neutrino Oscillation Formalism.- 5.6 Experimental Signals for Oscillations.- 5.7 Experiments Which Set Limits on Oscillations.- 5.8 Theoretical Interpretation of the Data.- 5.9 The Future (Near and Far).- 5.10 Conclusions.- 6 New Developments in Charged Particle Tracking.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Experimental Environment - New Challenges.- 6.3 Charged Particle Tracking with Gaseous Detectors.- 6.4 Charged Particle Tracking with Semiconductor Detectors.- 6.5 Radiation Damage Issues - (a) Gaseous Detectors.- 6.6 Radiation Damage Issues - (b) Silicon Detectors.- 6.7 New Tracking Systems - Selected Example.- 6.8 Summary.- 7 Issues in Calorimetry.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Physics of electromagnetic showers.- 7.3 Energy resolution of electromagnetic calorimeters.- 7.4 Physics of hadronic showers.- 7.5 Energy resolution of hadronic calorimeters.- 7.6 Calorimeter performance requirements.- 7.7 Main calorimeter techniques.- 7.8 Calorimeter calibration.- 7.9 Calorimeter integration in an experiment.- 7.10 Conclusions.- 8 An Update on the Properties of the Top Quark.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 More on mass and cross section.- 8.3 Search for decay of top into a charged Higgs.- 8.4 Helicity of the W and spin correlations in top decays.- 8.5 Conclusion.- 9 Accelerator Physics and Circular Colliders.- 9.1 Accelerator Physics Concepts.- 9.2 Present Day Circular Colliders.- 9.3 Future Circular Colliders.- 10 Workshop on Confidence Limits.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Goal of Workshop.- 10.3 Main Issues.- 10.4 Conclusions.- Participants.