English and Korean in Contrast

JONG-BOK KIM is Professor in the Department of English Linguistics and Literature at Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea. His publications include Syntactic Constructions in English, English Syntax: An Introduction, The Syntactic Structure of Korean: A Construction Grammar Perspective, and numerous papers in top-tier domestic and international journals. He is also an Alexander von Humboldt Research Award Winner and a Distinguished Research Fellow of National Research Foundation of Korea.

ENGLISH AND KOREAN IN CONTRAST
 
English and Korean in Contrast: A Linguistic Introduction is the first book of its kind to present a comprehensive yet student-friendly comparative review of the grammars of English and Korean. Author Jong-Bok Kim, an internationally-recognized expert, offers rigorous contrastive analyses of all major aspects of English and Korean while addressing common usage errors made by learners of each language.
 
Designed for both English- and Korean-language classrooms, this unique textbook describes and contrasts the two languages at every level from sound, word, and grammar to figurative language and metaphors. Throughout the text, the author uses an accessible, descriptive-based approach that covers both core and peripheral phenomena of English and Korean.
 
Offering invaluable insights into the major sources of difficulty or ease in learning the two languages, English and Korean in Contrast: A Linguistic Introduction is the perfect undergraduate resource not only for English-speaking students studying Korean language and linguistics, but also for Korean-speaking students studying English language and linguistics.

Preface xiii
 
Abbreviations xv
 
1 Linguistic Differences: Where Do They Come From? 1
 
1.1 Linguistic Differences 1
 
1.2 Cultural Differences 3
 
1.3 Why Contrastive Analyses? 5
 
1.4 What This Book Is About 6
 
Exercises 7
 
2 Sounds and Writing Systems: How to Speak and Write 9
 
2.1 Introduction 9
 
2.2 English Sound Systems 10
 
2.2.1 English Consonants 10
 
2.2.2 English Vowels 12
 
2.3 Korean Hangul Alphabet and Romanization 13
 
2.4 Korean Sound Systems 15
 
2.4.1 Korean Consonants 15
 
2.4.2 Korean Vowels 17
 
2.5 Syllable Structures 18
 
2.5.1 English Syllable Structures 18
 
2.5.2 Korean Syllable Structures 20
 
2.6 Suprasegmental Features 21
 
2.6.1 English Suprasegmental Features 21
 
2.6.2 Korean Suprasegmental Features 22
 
2.7 Contrastive Notes 23
 
2.7.1 Consonants 23
 
2.7.2 Different Vowel Sets 24
 
2.7.3 Syllable and Consonant Clusters 24
 
2.7.4 Stress vs. Nonstress 25
 
2.8 Conclusion 25
 
Exercises 26
 
3 Words: Where Every Sentence Begins 29
 
3.1 Introduction 29
 
3.2 English Parts of Speech 29
 
3.2.1 Nouns 30
 
3.2.2 Verbs: Main and Auxiliary 30
 
3.2.3 Adjectives 32
 
3.2.4 Adverbs 32
 
3.2.5 Determiners 33
 
3.2.6 Prepositions 33
 
3.2.7 Particles 34
 
3.2.8 Conjunctions 35
 
3.2.9 Complementizers 36
 
3.3 Korean Parts of Speech 37
 
3.3.1 Nominals 37
 
3.3.2 Adnominals 41
 
3.3.3 Verbals: Adjective and Verb Together 42
 
3.3.4 Adverbials 46
 
3.4 Expanding Verbals and Nominals 47
 
3.4.1 Verbal and Nominal Derivations and Inflections in English 47
 
3.4.2 Verbal Inflections in Korean 48
 
3.4.3 Nominal Expansion in Korean 52
 
3.5 Contrastive Notes 53
 
3.5.1 Different Sets of Lexical Categories 53
 
3.5.2 Simple vs. Rich Verbal Inflection Systems 55
 
3.5.3 Simple vs. Rich Nominal Inflections 56
 
3.6 Conclusion 56
 
Exercises 57
 
4 Phrases: Combining Words and Building Larger Expressions 61
 
4.1 Introduction 61
 
4.2 Main Phrases in English 62
 
4.2.1 Noun Phrases 62
 
4.2.2 Verb Phrases 64
 
4.2.3 Adjective Phrases 65
 
4.2.4 Adverbial Phrases 66
 
4.2.5 Prepositional Phrases 67
 
4.2.6 Complementizer Phrases and Subordinating S (Conj-S) 68
 
4.3 Phrases in Korean 69
 
4.3.1 Nominal Phrases 69
 
4.3.2 Verbal Phrases: Stative and Nonstative VPs 74
 
4.3.3 Adverbial Phrases 78
 
4.4 Complex Phrases: Expanding the Size of Phrases 79
 
4.5 Contrastive Notes 80
 
4.5.1 Noun Phrases vs. Nominal Phrases 80
 
4.5.2 Verb Phrases and Verbal Phrases 81
 
4.5.3 Adnominal Phrases 82
 
4.5.4 Prepositions and Case Marking 82
 
4.6 Conclusion 83
 
Exercises 83
 
5 Grammar Rules: Constructing Sentences 87
 
5.1 Form and Function 87
 
5.2 Grammatical Functions 88
 
5.3 Mapping between Grammatical Function and Form 92
 
5.4 English Grammar Rules 93
 
5.4.1 Forming English Sentences 93
 
5.4.2 Simple English Sentences 97
 
5.5 Korean Grammar Rules 101
 
5.5.1 Forming Korean Sentences 101
 
5.5.2 Simple Korean Sentences 105
 
5.5.3 Grammar Rule for Auxiliary Constructions 106
 
5.6 Contrastive Notes 108
 
5.6.1 SVO vs. SOV 108