The Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence

"Digitalisation and the development of automated systems, as well as the evolution of artificial intelligence (AI), have radically changed the legal landscape, and will continue to impact law at an accelerated pace. These developments have led to the creation of a new industry, Legal Tech (LT), which aims at creating technological applications specifically tailored for law and the legal market. LT includes a broad range of applications: some of the most prominent and recurrent examples include automation in the drafting of contracts, "mining" case-law, or the creation of smart dispute resolution systems not requiring human intervention. As a result, operations that were previously unthinkable, or that would demand an enormous amount of human resources, can now be readily done through numerous legal services available to lawyers, other professionals, and consumers. The rise of LT has brought about various responses, from those who advocate the innovating potential of LT to legal traditionalists that consider the replacement of human resources by technology to be highly disruptive. In addition, there are those who advocate for a level-headed distinction between "hype" and reality. Nonetheless, it would be short sighted not to see that the advancement of LT is going to have a profound impact on the legal sector, similar in degree as industrialisation had on manufacturing"--

Part I. AI. Development and Trends: 1. Artificial intelligence: the promise of disruption Larry A. Di Matteo; 2. Essence of AI; what is AI? Pascal König, Tobias D. Krafft, Wolfgang Schulz and Katharina A. Zweig; 3. AI in the legal profession Christy Ng; Part II. AI. Contracting and Corporate Law: 4. AI in negotiating and entering into contracts Eliza Mik; 5. AI and contract performance André Janssen; 6. AI and company law Florian Möslein; Part III. AI and Liability: 7. Are existing tort theories ready for AI? An American perspective Robert A. Heverly; 8. Are existing tort theories ready for AI? A continental European perspective Jonas Knetsch; 9. Liability for AI decision-making Eric Tjong Tjien Tai; 10. AI and data protection Indra Spiecker Genannt Döhmann; 11. AI as agents: agency law Pinar Çaglayan Aksoy; Part IV. AI and Physical Manifestations: 12. Liability for autonomous vehicle accidents Marjolaine Monot-Fouletier; 13. Interconnectivity and liability: AI and the internet of things Geraint Howells and Christian Twigg-Flesner; 14. Liability standards for medical robotics and AI: the price of autonomy Frank Pasquale; Part V. AI and Intellectual Property Law: 15. Patenting AI: the US perspective Susan Y. Tull; 16. Patentability of AI: inventions in the European Patent Office Nicholas Fox, Yelena Morozova and Luigi Distefano; 17. AI as inventor Christian E. Mammen; 18. AI and copyright law: the European perspective Gerald Spindler; Part VI. Ethical Framework for AI: 19. AI, consumer data protection and privacy Mateja Durovic and Jonathon Watson; 20. AI and legal personhood Mark Fenwick and Stefan Wrbka; 21. AI, ethics, and law: a way forward Joshua P. Davis; 22. Standardizing AI: the European Commission's proposal for an 'Artificial Intelligence Act' Martin Ebers; Part VII. Future of AI: 23. AI judges Florence G'sell; 24. Combating bias in AI and machine learning in consumer facing-services Charlyn L. Ho, Marc Martin, Sari Ratican, Divya Taneja, D. Sean West, Sam Boro and Coimbra Jackson; 25. Keeping AI legal Migle Laukyte; 26. Colluding through smart technologies: understanding agreements in the age of algorithms Giuseppe Colangelo and Francesco Mezzanotte; 27. The folly of regulating against AI's existential threat John O. McGinnis; 28. AI and the law: interdisciplinary challenge and comparative perspectives Cristina Poncibò and Michel Cannarsa.