Fundamentals of 5G Communications: Connectivity for Enhanced Mobile Broadband and Beyond

Wanshi Chen, Ph.D., Sr. Director, Technology, at Qualcomm Inc., is 3GPP TSG RAN1 Chair, elected in March 2021. Formerly 3GPP RAN1 Chair and Vice Chair, he has successfully managed a wide range of RAN1 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) and 5G New Radio (NR) sessions. He has over 20 years of experience in telecommunications at leading telecom companies, including operators, infrastructure vendors, and chipset vendors.

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ForewordIntroductionAcronyms1 5G versus 4G: What's New?   1.1 Overview   1.2 LTE: A Success Story   1.3 Physical Layer Changes in 5G   1.4 Protocol Changes in 5G   1.5 Main Physical Layer Features of LTE over Releases2 Deployment Scenarios   2.1 LTE-NR Spectrum Sharing   2.2 Switched NR UL Carrier Aggregation Enhancements   2.3 Nonaligned Carrier Aggregation Operation   2.4 Frequency Ranges and Frequency Bands3 Architecture Options for 5G   3.1 Introduction   3.2 The 5G RAN Architecture   3.3 The 5G Core   3.4 EPC versus 5GC (What Is 5GC For?)   3.5 Main Functional Entities of the 5G Core   3.6 High-Level Features of 5G Core   3.7 Network Slicing   3.8 QoS   3.9 Interworking with Non-3GPP Access Technologies   3.10 Policy Control   3.11 5G Security   3.12 Access Control and Barring   3.13 Support for Operator and Regulatory Services   3.14 Interworking with EPC   3.15 EPC to 5GC Migration4 Evolution of 5G Architecture   4.1 Introduction   4.2 Non-Public Networks   4.3 Cellular V2X   4.4 Cellular IoT   4.5 "Big Data" Collection (Enhanced Network Automation)   4.6 Enhancements to Interworking with Non-3GPP Accesses   4.7 URLLC   4.8 Slice Authentication   4.9 Other Release 16 Features5 Numerology and Slot Structure   5.1 Numerology and Slot Structure in 4G LTE   5.2 Lessons Learned from 4G LTE and 5G Considerations   5.3 SCSs for 5G NR   5.4 Frequency Ranges, Bandwidths, and Bands for 5G NR   5.5 gNB Channel Bandwidth versus UE Channel Bandwidth   5.6 Symbol, Slot, Subframe, and Frame for 5G NR   5.7 Slot Structure for 5G NR and Forward Compatibility Considerations6 Initial Access and Mobility   6.1 Overview   6.2 Initial Access   6.3 Random Access   6.4 Paging   6.5 Mobility7 Downlink Control Operation   7.1 Downlink Control in 4G LTE   7.2 Control Region Management in 5G NR   7.3 PDCCH Structure in 5G NR   7.4 Search Space for NR PDCCH   7.5 DCI Formats for NR PDCCH   7.6 Physical Layer Block Diagram for NR PDCCH   7.7 Power Saving Considerations8 Downlink Data Operation   8.1 Channel Coding for Data   8.2 Channel Code Rate Matching   8.3 DL Soft Buffer Management   8.4 DL MCS and TBS Determination   8.5 DL Resource Allocation in the Time Domain   8.6 DL Resource Allocation in the Frequency Domain   8.7 DL Rate Matching   8.8 DL HARQ Operation   8.9 DL Data Rate Capability   8.10 Processing Time for DL Data   8.11 Demodulation Reference Signals for Data   8.12 PDSCH DM-RS   8.13 DL Phase Tracking Reference Signal   8.14 Channel State Information Reference Signal   8.15 Tracking Reference Signal   8.16 DL MIMO Scheme   8.17 CSI Feedback   8.18 Beam Management for the PDSCH   8.19 Signal Quasi Co-Location9 Uplink Control Operation   9.1 Uplink Control in 4G LTE   9.2 UCI Types and Payload Sizes in 5G NR   9.3 PUCCH Formats in 5G NR   9.4 PUCCH Resource Determination in 5G NR   9.5 UCI on PUSCH in 5G NR   9.6 Channel Coding for UCI10 Uplink Data Operation   10.1 UL MCS and TBS Determination   10.2 UL Resource Allocation in the Time Domain   10.3 UL Resource Allocation in the Frequency Domain   10.4 UL Rate Matching   10.5 UL HARQ Operation   10.6 UL Soft Buffer Management   10.7 UL Data Rate Capability   10.8 Processing Time for UL Data   10.9 PUSCH DM-RS   10.10 UL Phase Tracking Reference Signal   10.11 Sounding Reference Signal   10.12 UL MIMO Scheme   10.13 Beam Management for the PUSCH   10.14 UL Power Control   10.15 UL Timing11 Coexistence of 4G and 5G   11.1 Adjacent Channel Coexistence   11.2 Same Channel Coexistence   11.3 EN-DC Power Control   11.4 Switched EN-DC UL12 5G in Unlicensed and Shared Spectrum   12.1 Unlicensed Operation in LTE   12.2 Overview   12.3 Channel Access   12.4 Discovery Burst   12.5 Physical Layer Extensions for Uplink   12.6 Increased Scheduling Flexibility13 Vertical Expansion: URLLC   13.1 A Brief History of 3GPP Standardization Related to URLLC   13.2 Use Cases and Deployment Scenarios for 5G NR URLLC   13.3 Resource Management for URLLC   13.4 Optimizing Link Efficiency for URLLC   13.5 Downlink Resource Sharing for Distinct Service Types   13.6 Uplink Resource Sharing for Distinct Service Types   13.7 Handling Distinct Services at the UE   13.8 Other Related Aspects14 Vertical Expansion: MTC   14.1 A Brief History of MTC in 3GPP   14.2 Key Technical Enablers for eMTC   14.3 Key Technical Enablers for NB-IoT   14.4 Integration of eMTC and NB-IoT into 5G NR   14.5 Future Trends15 5G Vertical Expansion: V2X   15.1 Overview   15.2 Background: LTE V2X   15.3 NR V2X16 Vertical Expansion: Broadcast and Multicast17 Miscellaneous Topics for 5G   17.1 Overview   17.2 Interference Management   17.3 UE Power Savings   17.4 NR Positioning   17.5 Two-Step RACH   17.6 Multi-RAT DC/CA Enhancements   17.7 Mobility Enhancements   17.8 Integrated Access and Backhaul18 A Look at Typical 5G Commercial Deployments19 5G: What's Next?   19.1 Overview   19.2 Radio Projects in Release 17   19.3 Systems Projects in Release 17   19.4 NR Expansion into Higher Frequencies   19.5 Sidelink Beyond V2X   19.6 Relaying Operation   19.7 Edge Applications   19.8 On the Path to 6GIndex