The ’Double Democratic Deficit’

Hänggi, Heiner

Many threats to security arising from terrorism, 'rogue' states and civil wars are complex and transnational in nature and effect. Such threats can no longer be meaningfully addressed at the national level but require an international response. Since the end of the Cold War the use of force under international auspices has increased substantially.

Contents: Part I: Introduction: The use of force under international auspices: parliamentary accountability and 'Democratic Deficits', Heiner Hänggi. Part II: The General Context: Democratic governance and the internationalisation of security policy: the relevance of parliaments, Owen Greene; Using military force under international auspices: a mixed system of accountability, Charlotte Ku. Part III: The UN Context: Parliamentary accountability of multinational peace support operations: a comparative perspective, Hans Born and Marlene Urscheler; Srebrenica, Dutchbat and the role of the Netherlands' Parliament, Jan Hoekema; The public inquiry into the Canadian peace mission in Somalia, Donna Winslow and Christ Klep. Part IV: The NATO Context: Decision-making in the Atlantic Alliance and its parliamentary dimension, Willem van Eekelen; The United States Congress, the German Bundestag and NATO's intervention in Kosovo, Lori Fisler Damrosch; Parliamentary accountability and military forces in NATO: the case of Germany, Roman Schmidt-Radefeldt. Part V: The EU Context: The European Union as an international security actor: challenges for democratic accountability, Giovanna Bono; Parliamentary accountability and ESDP: the national and the European level, Catriona Gourlay. Part VI: Conclusions: The use of force under international auspices: strengthening parliamentary accountability, Hans Born; Bibliography; Index.