Flow-Induced Vibration Handbook for Nuclear and Process Equipment

Michel J. Pettigrew is Adjunct Professor at Ecole Polytechnique in Montreal, Canada and Principal Research Engineer (Emeritus) at the Chalk River Laboratories of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited.
 
Colette E. Taylor, now retired, served as the General Manager of Engineering and Chief Engineer at Canadian Nuclear Laboratories.
 
Nigel J. Fisher, now retired, served as Manager of the Inspection, Monitoring and Dynamics Branch and Senior Research Engineer at the Chalk River Laboratories of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited.

Explains the mechanisms governing flow-induced vibrations and helps engineers prevent fatigue and fretting-wear damage at the design stage
 
Fatigue or fretting-wear damage in process and plant equipment caused by flow-induced vibration can lead to operational disruptions, lost production, and expensive repairs. Mechanical engineers can help prevent or mitigate these problems during the design phase of high capital cost plants such as nuclear power stations and petroleum refineries by performing thorough flow-induced vibration analysis. Accordingly, it is critical for mechanical engineers to have a firm understanding of the dynamic parameters and the vibration excitation mechanisms that govern flow-induced vibration.
 
Flow-Induced Vibration Handbook for Nuclear and Process Equipment provides the knowledge required to prevent failures due to flow-induced vibration at the design stage. The product of more than 40 years of research and development at the Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, this authoritative reference covers all relevant aspects of flow-induced vibration technology, including vibration failures, flow velocity analysis, vibration excitation mechanisms, fluidelastic instability, periodic wake shedding, acoustic resonance, random turbulence, damping mechanisms, and fretting-wear predictions. Each in-depth chapter contains the latest available lab data, a parametric analysis, design guidelines, sample calculations, and a brief review of modelling and theoretical considerations. Written by a group of leading experts in the field, this comprehensive single-volume resource:
* Helps readers understand and apply techniques for preventing fatigue and fretting-wear damage due to flow-induced vibration at the design stage
* Covers components including nuclear reactor internals, nuclear fuels, piping systems, and various types of heat exchangers
* Features examples of vibration-related failures caused by fatigue or fretting-wear in nuclear and process equipment
* Includes a detailed overview of state-of-the-art flow-induced vibration technology with an emphasis on two-phase flow-induced vibration
 
Covering all relevant aspects of flow-induced vibration technology, Flow-Induced Vibration Handbook for Nuclear and Process Equipment is required reading for professional mechanical engineers and researchers working in the nuclear, petrochemical, aerospace, and process industries, as well as graduate students in mechanical engineering courses on flow-induced vibration.

Preface xv
 
Acknowledgments xvii
 
Contributors xix
 
1 Introduction and Typical Vibration Problems 1
Michel J. Pettigrew
 
1.1 Introduction 1
 
1.2 Some Typical Component Failures 2
 
1.3 Dynamics of Process System Components 9
 
1.3.1 Multi-Span Heat Exchanger Tubes 9
 
1.3.2 Other Nuclear and Process Components 10
 
Notes 10
 
References 10
 
2 Flow-Induced Vibration of Nuclear and Process Equipment: An Overview 13
Michel J. Pettigrew and Colette E. Taylor
 
2.1 Introduction 13
 
2.1.1 Flow-Induced Vibration Overview 13
 
2.1.2 Scope of a Vibration Analysis 14
 
2.2 Flow Calculations 14
 
2.2.1 Flow Parameter Definition 14
 
2.2.2 Simple Flow Path Approach 15
 
2.2.3 Comprehensive 3-D Approach 16
 
2.2.4 Two-Phase Flow Regime 18
 
2.3 Dynamic Parameters 18
 
2.3.1 Hydrodynamic Mass 18
 
2.3.2 Damping 19
 
2.4 Vibration Excitation Mechanisms 25
 
2.4.1 Fluidelastic Instability 25
 
2.4.2 Random Turbulence Excitation 27
 
2.4.3 Periodic Wake Shedding 31
 
2.4.4 Acoustic Resonance 34
 
2.4.5 Susceptibility to Resonance 35
 
2.5 Vibration Response Prediction 36
 
2.5.1 Fluidelastic Instability 37
 
2.5.2 Random Turbulence Excitation 38
 
2.5.3 Periodic Wake Shedding 38
 
2.5.4 Acoustic Resonance 38
 
2.5.5 Example of Vibration Analysis 38
 
2.6 Fretting-Wear Damage Considerations 40
 
2.6.1 Fretting-Wear Assessment 40
 
2.6.2 Fretting-Wear Coefficients 41
 
2.6.3 Wear Depth Calculations 42
 
2.7 Acceptance Criteria 42
 
2.7.1 Fluidelastic Instability 42
 
2.7.2 Random Turbulence Excitation 43
 
2.7.3 Periodic Wake Shedding 43
 
2.7.4 Tube-to-Support Clearance 43
 
2.7.5 Acoustic Resonance 43
 
2.7.6 Two-Phase Flow Regimes 43
 
Note 43
 
References 44
 
3 Flow Considerations 47
John M. Pietralik, Liberat N. Carlucci, Colette E. Taylor, and Michel J. Pettigrew
 
3.1 Definition of the Problem 47
 
3.2 Nature of the Flow 48
 
3.2.1 Introduction 48
 
3.2.2 Flow Parameter Definitions 50
 
3.2.3 Vertical Bubbly Flow 54
 
3.2.4 Flow Around Bluff Bodies 55
 
3.2.5 Shell-Side Flow in Tube Bundles 56
 
3.2.6 Air-Water versus Steam-Water Flows 63
 
3.2.7 Effect of Nucleate Boiling Noise 63
 
3.2.8 Summary 67
 
3.3 Simplified Flow Calculation 67
 
3.4 Multi-Dimensional Thermalhydraulic Analysis 74
 
3.4.1 Steam Generator 74
 
3.4.2 Other Heat Exchangers 78
 
Acronyms 81
 
Nomenclature 81
 
Subscripts 82
 
Notes 83
 
References 83
 
4 Hydrodynamic Mass, Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes 87
Daniel J. Gorman, Colette E. Taylor, and Michel J. Pettigrew
 
4.1 Introduction 87
 
4.2 Total Tube Mass 88
 
4.2.1 Single-Phase Flow 89
 
4.2.2 Two-Phase Flow 90
 
4.3 Free Vibration Analysis of Straight Tubes 93
 
4.3.1 Free Vibration Analysis of a Single-Span Tube 94
 
4.3.2 Free Vibration Analysis of a Two-Span Tube 97
 
4.3.3 Free Vibration Analysis of a Multi-Span Tube 99
 
4.4 Basic Theory for Curved Tubes 100
 
4.4.1 Theory of Curved Tube In-Plane Free Vibration 102
 
4.4.2 Theory of Curved Tube Out-of-Plane Free Vibration 104
 
4.5 Free Vibration Analysis of U-Tubes 105
 
4.5.1 Setting Boundary Conditions for the In-Plane Free Vibration Analysis of U-Tubes Po