Water and Sanitation-Related Diseases and the Changing Environment

The revised and updated second edition of Water and Sanitation Related Diseases and the Changing Environment offers an interdisciplinary guide to the conditions responsible for water and sanitation related diseases. The authors discuss the pathogens, vectors, and their biology, morbidity and mortality that result from a lack of safe water and sanitation. The text also explores the distribution of these diseases and the conditions that must be met to reduce or eradicate them. The text includes contributions from authorities from the fields of climate change, epidemiology, environmental health, environmental engineering, global health, medicine, medical anthropology, nutrition, population, and public health. Covers the causes of individual diseases with basic information about the diseases and data on the distribution, prevalence, and incidence as well as interconnected factors such as environmental factors. The authors cover access to and maintenance of clean water, and guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta, and grey water, plus examples of solutions. Written for students, and professionals in infectious disease, public health and medicine, chemical and environmental engineering, and international affairs, the second edition of Water and Sanitation Related Diseases and the Changing Environment isa comprehensive resource to the conditions responsible for water and sanitation related diseases.

The revised and updated second edition of Water and Sanitation Related Diseases and the Changing Environment offers an interdisciplinary guide to the conditions responsible for water and sanitation related diseases. The authors discuss the pathogens, vectors, and their biology, morbidity and mortality that result from a lack of safe water and sanitation. The text also explores the distribution of these diseases and the conditions that must be met to reduce or eradicate them.The text includes contributions from authorities from the fields of climate change, epidemiology, environmental health, environmental engineering, global health, medicine, medical anthropology, nutrition, population, and public health. Covers the causes of individual diseases with basic information about the diseases and data on the distribution, prevalence, and incidence as well as interconnected factors such as environmental factors. The authors cover access to and maintenance of clean water, and guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta, and grey water, plus examples of solutions.Written for students, and professionals in infectious disease, public health and medicine, chemical and environmental engineering, and international affairs, the second edition of Water and Sanitation Related Diseases and the Changing Environment isa comprehensive resource to the conditions responsible for water and sanitation related diseases.

FOREWORD ixPaul FarmerPREFACE xiJanine M. H. SelendyCONTRIBUTORS xiiiINTRODUCTION xvJanine M. H. Selendy and Jens Aagaard-HansenSECTION I WATER, SANITATION, AND HYGIENE: MEETING THE NEED 11 Toward Universal Access to Basic and Safely Managed Drinking Water: Remaining Challenges and New Opportunities in the Era of Sustainable Development Goals 3Mitsuaki Hirai and Jay Graham2 The Human Right to Sanitation 17Anoop Jain and Jay Graham3 Coping with Water Needs: The Demographic Future 25Guigui Yao and Robert Wyman4 Water, Food, and the Environment 39Robert Wyman and Guigui Yao5 Water and Armed Conflict 53Barry S. Levy6 Additional Measures to Prevent, Ameliorate, and Reduce Water Pollution and Related Water Diseases: Global Water Governance 59Nikhil ChandavarkarSECTION II WATER AND SANITATION-RELATED DISEASES 637 Infectious Diarrhea 65Sean Fitzwater, Anita Shet, Mathuram Santosham, and Margaret Kosek8 Soil-Transmitted Helminths: Ascaris, Trichuris, and Hookworm Infections 95Alexander T. Yu and Brian G. Blackburn9 Food Systems and Nutrition in the Context of Climate Change 111José Graziano da Silva10 Malaria in the Brazilian Amazon: New Understanding and Directions for Intervention 127Marcia C. Castro and Burton H. Singer11 Schistosomiasis 147Pascal Magnussen, Birgitte Jyding Vennervald, and Jens Aagaard-Hansen12 Trachoma 159Emma M. Harding-Esch, Joseph A. Cook, David C. Mabey, and Anthony W. SolomonSECTION III ANTHROPOGENIC AND NATURALLY OCCURRING POLLUTANTS 17113 Impacts of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Environment 173M. Danielle McDonald14 Other Water Pollutants: Antimicrobial Resistance 177Rochelle Rainey15 Global Substitution of Mercury-Based Medical Devices in the Health Sector 189Anitha Nimmagadda, Ivorie Stanley, Joshua Karliner, and Peter OrrisSECTION IV WATER TREATMENT AND SAFE STORAGE 19716 Household Water Treatment and Safe Storage in Low-Income Countries 199Thomas F. ClasenSECTION V CLIMATE CHANGE AND HUMAN HEALTH 21317 Changing Geographic Distribution of Disease Vectors 215Mary E. Wilson18 Reassessing Multiple-Intervention Malaria Control Programs of the Past: Lessons for the Design of Contemporary Interventions 229Burton H. Singer and Marcia C. Castro19 Ecosystem Health as the Basis for Human Health 245Tom Barker and Jane Fisher20 Addressing the Nexus of Water, Sanitation, Health, and Climate Change Through Multistakeholder Partnerships 271Nikhil ChandavarkarSECTION VI SUCCESS STORIES 27521 Extending the Right to Health Care and Improving Child Survival in Mexico 277Julio Frenk and Octavio Gomez-Dantés22 Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm Disease): Case Study of the Effort to Eradicate Guinea Worm 283Donald R. Hopkins and Ernesto Ruiz-Tiben23 Sanitation Case Studies 291Anoop Jain and Jay Graham24 Catalyzing Rural Sanitation at Scale: Lessons Learned from the Global Sanitation Fund 297Patrick England and Carolien Van der VoordenAFTERWORD 311INDEX 313