Wind Effects on Structures

Provides structural engineers with the knowledge and practical tools needed to perform structural designs for wind that incorporate major technological, conceptual, analytical and computational advances achieved in the last two decades. With clear explanations and documentation of the concepts, methods, algorithms, and software available for accounting for wind loads in structural design, it also describes the wind engineer's contributions in sufficient detail that they can be effectively scrutinized by the structural engineer in charge of the design. Wind Effects on Structures: Modern Structural Design for Wind, 4th Edition is organized in four sections. The first covers atmospheric flows, extreme wind speeds, and bluff body aerodynamics. The second examines the design of buildings, and includes chapters on aerodynamic loads; dynamic and effective wind-induced loads; wind effects with specified MRIs; low-rise buildings; tall buildings; and more. The third part is devoted to aeroelastic effects, and covers both fundamentals and applications. The last part considers other structures and special topics such as trussed frameworks; offshore structures; and tornado effects. Offering readers the knowledge and practical tools needed to develop structural designs for wind loadings, this book: Points out significant limitations in the design of buildings based on such techniques as the high-frequency force balance Discusses powerful algorithms, tools, and software needed for the effective design for wind, and provides numerous examples of application Discusses techniques applicable to structures other than buildings, including stacks and suspended-span bridges Features several appendices on Elements of Probability and Statistics; Peaks-over-Threshold Poisson-Process Procedure for Estimating Peaks; estimates of the WTC Towers Response to Wind and their shortcomings; and more Wind Effects on Structures: Modern Structural Design for Wind, 4th Edition is an excellent text for structural engineers, wind engineers, and structural engineering students and faculty.

Provides structural engineers with the knowledge and practical tools needed to perform structural designs for wind that incorporate major technological, conceptual, analytical and computational advances achieved in the last two decades.With clear explanations and documentation of the concepts, methods, algorithms, and software available for accounting for wind loads in structural design, it also describes the wind engineer's contributions in sufficient detail that they can be effectively scrutinized by the structural engineer in charge of the design.Wind Effects on Structures: Modern Structural Design for Wind, 4th Edition is organized in four sections. The first covers atmospheric flows, extreme wind speeds, and bluff body aerodynamics. The second examines the design of buildings, and includes chapters on aerodynamic loads; dynamic and effective wind-induced loads; wind effects with specified MRIs; low-rise buildings; tall buildings; and more. The third part is devoted to aeroelastic effects, and covers both fundamentals and applications. The last part considers other structures and special topics such as trussed frameworks; offshore structures; and tornado effects.Offering readers the knowledge and practical tools needed to develop structural designs for wind loadings, this book:* Points out significant limitations in the design of buildings based on such techniques as the high-frequency force balance* Discusses powerful algorithms, tools, and software needed for the effective design for wind, and provides numerous examples of application* Discusses techniques applicable to structures other than buildings, including stacks and suspended-span bridges* Features several appendices on Elements of Probability and Statistics; Peaks-over-Threshold Poisson-Process Procedure for Estimating Peaks; estimates of the WTC Towers' Response to Wind and their shortcomings; and moreWind Effects on Structures: Modern Structural Design for Wind, 4th Edition is an excellent text for structural engineers, wind engineers, and structural engineering students and faculty.

Preface to the Fourth Edition xixIntroduction xxiPart I Atmospheric Flows, Extreme Wind Speeds, Bluff Body Aerodynamics 11 Atmospheric Circulations 32 The Atmospheric Boundary Layer 173 Extreme Wind Speeds 554 Bluff Body Aerodynamics 735 Aerodynamic Testing 1056 Computational Wind Engineering 1357 Uncertainties in Wind Engineering Data 157Part II Design of Buildings 1678 Structural Design for Wind 1699 Stiffness Matrices, Second-Order Effects, and Influence Coefficients 17910 Aerodynamic Loads 18311 Dynamic and Effective Wind-Induced Loads 19512 Wind Load Factors and Design Mean Recurrence Intervals 20313 Wind Effects with Specified MRIs: DCIs, Inter-Story Drift, and Accelerations 21114 Equivalent Static Wind Loads 21915 Wind-Induced Discomfort in and Around Buildings 22516 Mitigation of Building Motions 25117 Rigid Portal Frames 25918 Tall Buildings 267Part III Aeroelastic Effects 28319 Vortex-Induced Vibrations 28720 Galloping and Torsional Divergence 29721 Flutter 30522 Slender Chimneys and Towers 31523 Suspended-Span Bridges 331Part IV Other Structures and Special Topics 34724 Trussed Frameworks and Plate Girders 34925 Offshore Structures 36726 Tensile Membrane Structures 38527 Tornado Wind and Atmospheric Pressure Change Effects 38928 Tornado- and Hurricane-Borne Missile Speeds 399Appendices 409Appendix A Elements of Probability and Statistics 411A.1 Introduction 411A.2 Fundamental Relations 412A.3 Random Variables and Probability Distributions 415A.4 Descriptors of Random Variable Behavior 419A.5 Geometric, Poisson, Normal, and Lognormal Distributions 420A.6 Extreme Value Distributions 422A.7 Statistical Estimates 425A.8 Monte Carlo Methods 427A.9 Non-Parametric Statistical Estimates 428Appendix B Random Processes 433B.1 Fourier Series and Fourier Integrals 433B.2 Parseval's Equality 435B.3 Spectral Density Function of a Random Stationary Signal 435B.4 Autocorrelation Function of a Random Stationary Signal 437B.5 Cross-Covariance Function, Co-Spectrum, Quadrature Spectrum, Coherence 438B.6 Mean Upcrossing and Outcrossing Rate for a Gaussian Process 439B.7 Probability Distribution of the Peak Value of a Random Signal with Gaussian Marginal Distribution 441Appendix C Peaks-Over-Threshold Poisson-Process Procedure for Estimating Peaks 443C.1 Introduction 443C.2 Peak Estimation by Peaks-Over-Threshold Poisson-Process Procedure 444C.3 Dependence of Peak Estimates by BLUE Upon Number of Partitions 451C.4 Summary 451Appendix D Structural Dynamics 455D.1 Introduction 455D.2 The Single-Degree-of-Freedom Linear System 455D.3 Continuously Distributed Linear Systems 458D.4 Example: Along-Wind Response 463Appendix E Structural Reliability 467E.1 Introduction 467E.2 The Basic Problem of Structural Safety 468E.3 First-Order Second-Moment Approach: Load and Resistance Factors 469E.4 Structural Strength Reserve 475E.5 Design Criteria for Multi-Hazard Regions 477Appendix F World Trade Center Response to Wind 481F.1 Overview 481F.2 NIST-Supplied Documents 482F.3 Discussion and Comments 482Index 487