The GnRH Neuron and its Control

The GnRH Neuron and its Control examines the developmental biology of GnRH neurons including their birth in the nasal placode of the early embryo, perinatal programming, and sexual differentiation, in addition to the hypothalamic mechanisms that control GnRH neurons in adulthood to generate pulsatile and surge modes of GnRH secretion throughout the major life stages including aging. The morphology, electrophysiology, signal transduction pathways, transcriptional regulators, and genomics underlying function of the adult GnRH neuron is discussed in detail, as is the neuroendocrinology and cell biology governing the generation of both modes of GnRH release. The book also reviews the neurobiological mechanisms and circuitry responsible for the modulation of the activity of GnRH neurons by season, stress, nutrition, and metabolism, and covers the current and potential therapeutic approaches to regulating GnRH secretion and action. Filled with newly identified research and classical fundamental knowledge to GnRH biology, it will provide students, researchers, and practitioners with an in-depth understanding of reproductive neuroendocrinology. This is the fifth volume in the Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology Series, a co- publication between Wiley and the INF (International Neuroendocrine Federation) that aims to illustrate highest standards and encourage the use of the latest technologies in basic and clinical research and hopes to provide inspiration for further exploration into the exciting field of neuroendocrinology.

The GnRH Neuron and its Control examines the developmental biology of GnRH neurons including their birth in the nasal placode of the early embryo, perinatal programming, and sexual differentiation, in addition to the hypothalamic mechanisms that control GnRH neurons in adulthood to generate pulsatile and surge modes of GnRH secretion throughout the major life stages including aging. The morphology, electrophysiology, signal transduction pathways, transcriptional regulators, and genomics underlying function of the adult GnRH neuron is discussed in detail, as is the neuroendocrinology and cell biology governing the generation of both modes of GnRH release.The book also reviews the neurobiological mechanisms and circuitry responsible for the modulation of the activity of GnRH neurons by season, stress, nutrition, and metabolism, and covers the current and potential therapeutic approaches to regulating GnRH secretion and action. Filled with newly identified research and classical fundamental knowledge to GnRH biology, it will provide students, researchers, and practitioners with an in-depth understanding of reproductive neuroendocrinology.This is the fifth volume in the Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology Series, a co- publication between Wiley and the INF (International Neuroendocrine Federation) that aims to illustrate highest standards and encourage the use of the latest technologies in basic and clinical research and hopes to provide inspiration for further exploration into the exciting field of neuroendocrinology.

List of Contributors, viiSeries Preface, xiPreface, xiiiAbout the Companion Website, xvPART I Historical Introduction to the GnRH Neuron1 The Framework Upon Which Current Research on the GnRH Neuron and its Control is Built, 3Tony M. Plant and Allan E. HerbisonPART II GnRH Neuron Development2 Prenatal Development of GnRH Neurons, 15Yufei Shan and Susan Wray3 Fetal/perinatal Programming Causing Sexual Dimorphism of the Kisspeptin-GnRH Neuronal Network, 43Hiroko Tsukamura, Kei?]ichiro Maeda and Yoshihisa Uenoyama4 Postnatal Development of GnRH Neuronal Function, 61Ei TerasawaPART III GnRH Neuron Biology5 Regulation of GnRH Gene Expression, 95Hanne M. Hoffmann and Pamela L. Mellon6 Morphology of the Adult GnRH Neuron, 121Rebecca E. Campbell7 The Anatomy of the GnRH Neuron Network in the Human, 149Katalin Skrapits and Erik Hrabovszky8 Electrophysiology of Rodent GnRH Neurons, 177Richard Piet and Allan E. Herbison9 Anatomy and Physiology of GnRH Neurons and Their Control of Pituitary Function in Fish, 203Yoshitaka OkaPART IV Regulation of GnRH Neuron Function10 Unveiling the Importance of Glia and Vascular Endothelial Cells in the Control of GnRH Neuronal Function, 227Vincent Prevot and Ariane Sharif11 Genetic Strategies Examining Kisspeptin Regulation of GnRH Neurons, 259Michael Candlish, Philipp Wartenberg and Ulrich Boehm12 KNDy Hypothesis for Generation of GnRH Pulses: Evidence from Sheep and Goats, 289Robert L. Goodman, Satoshi Okhura, Hiroaki Okamura, Lique M. Coolen, and Michael N. Lehman13 Generation of the GnRH Surge and LH Surge by the Positive Feedback Effect of Estrogen, 325Iain Clarke14 Influence of Stress on the GnRH Neuronal Network, 357Pasha Grachev and Kevin T. O'Byrne15 Metabolic Regulation of GnRH Neurons, 383Maggie C. Evans and Greg M. Anderson16 Seasonal Control of the GnRH Neuronal Network as a Means of Uncovering Novel Central Mechanisms Governing Mammalian Reproduction, 411Sébastien Milesi, Paul Klosen and Valerie SimonneauxPART V GnRH in the Clinic17 Human Genetics of GnRH Neuron Function, 445A. Kemal Topaloglu and L. Damla Kotan18 Modulators of GnRH Secretion and Therapeutic Applications, 469Claire L. Newton, Ross C. Anderson and Robert P. MillarIndex, 499