Chinese Cybersecurity and Defense

Cyberdefense has become, over the past five years, a major issue on the international scene. China, by the place it occupies, is the subject of attention: it is observed, criticized, and designated by many states as a major player in the global cyber-insecurity. The United States is building their cyberdefense strategy against what they call the "e;Chinese threat."e; It is therefore important to better understand today's challenges related to cyber dimension in regard of the rise of China.Contributions from international researchers provide cross perspectives on China, its strategies and policies for cybersecurity and cyberdefense. These issues have now gained major strategic dimension: Is Cyberspace changing the scene of international relations? How China does apprehend cybersecurity and cyberdefense? What are the issues, challenges? What is the role of China in the global cyberspace?

Cyberdefense has become, over the past five years, a major issue on the international scene. China, by the place it occupies, is the subject of attention: it is observed, criticized, and designated by many states as a major player in the global cyber-insecurity. The United States is building their cyberdefense strategy against what they call the "Chinese threat." It is therefore important to better understand today's challenges related to cyber dimension in regard of the rise of China.Contributions from international researchers provide cross perspectives on China, its strategies and policies for cybersecurity and cyberdefense. These issues have now gained major strategic dimension:Is Cyberspace changing the scene of international relations?How China does apprehend cybersecurity and cyberdefense?What are the issues, challenges?What is the role of China in the global cyberspace?

Author Biographies xiIntroduction xvChapter 1 China's Internet Development and Cybersecurity - Policies and Practices 1Xu Longdi1.1 Introduction 11.2 Internet development in China: an overview 21.3 China's policies towards Internet development 51.4 Cyber legislation and Internet administration 91.5 Cybersecurity and diplomacy: an international perspective 271.6 A cybersecurity strategy in the making? 411.7 Conclusion 53Chapter 2 PLA Views on Informationized Warfare, Information Warfare and Information Operations 55Dean Cheng2.1 The evolution of chinese military thinking 562.2 The growing importance of information 592.3 Information operations 642.4 Key types of information operations 722.5 Computer network warefare and information operations 79Chapter 3 China's Adaptive Internet Management Strategy After the Emergence of Social Networks 81Alice Ekman3.1 Weibo: the turning point 823.2 Latest adjustments under Xi Jinping 893.3 Bibliography 99Chapter 4 India's Cybersecurity - The Landscape 101Cherian Samuel4.1 A snapshot of Asian cyberspace 1024.2 The Indian cyber landscape 1144.3 The China challenge: a case study 1174.4 Responses 1214.5 Creating an institutional framework 1234.6 Takeaways 126Chapter 5 China and Southeast Asia: Offline Information Penetration and Suspicions of Online Hacking - Strategic Implications from a Singapore Perspective 129Alan Chong5.1 Offline sphere: latent "diasporic" information power and official Chinese soft power 1335.2 The online sphere: hacktivism as mostly projections 1495.3 Conclusion: offline politics strategically obscure online projections 1525.4 Bibliography 153Chapter 6 Impact of Monogolia's Choices in International Politics on Cybersecurity 157Daniel Ventre6.1 Mongolia's cyberspace 1586.2 Cyberspace and political stakes 1606.3 Information-space security policy 168Chapter 7 China-Iran-Russia - A Cybercommunity of Information? 177Thomas Flichy De La Neuville7.1 The hall marks of cyber-cooperation 1787.2 The geopolitical bases for the cyber-mongol empire 1817.3 Order in cyberspace: an absolute necessity within China 194Chapter 8 Discourse Regarding China: Cyberspace and Cybersecurity 199Daniel Ventre8.1 Identification of prevailing themes 2038.2 The evolution of American discourse about China, cybersecurity and cyber defense 2478.3 Conclusion 277General Conclusion 283List of Authors 295Index 297