The Chemistry of Bio-based Polymers

An exhaustive and timely overview of renewable polymers from a respected chemist and successful author The recent explosion of interdisciplinary research has fragmented the knowledge base surrounding renewable polymers. The Chemistry of Bio-based Polymers brings together, in one volume, the research and work of Professor Johannes Fink, focusing on biopolymers that can be synthesized from renewable polymers. After introducing general aspects of the field, the book s subsequent chapters examine the chemistry of biodegradable polymeric types sorted by their chemical compounds, including the synthesis of low molecular compounds. Various categories of biopolymers are detailed including vinyl-based polymers, acid and lactone polymers, ester and amide polymers, carbohydrate-related polymers and others. Procedures for the preparation of biopolymers and biodegradable nanocomposites are arranged by chemical methods and in vitro biological methods, with discussion of the issue of plastics from bacteria. The factors influencing the degradation and biodegradation of polymers used in food packaging, exposed to various environments, are detailed at length. The book covers the medical applications of bio-based polymers, concentrating on controlled drug delivery, temporary prostheses, and scaffolds for tissue engineering. Professor Fink also addresses renewable resources for fabricating biofuels and argues for localized biorefineries, as biomass feedstocks are more efficiently handled locally. Audience The Chemistry of Bio-based Polymers will be read by chemists, polymer and materials scientists, chemical, bio-based, and biomedical engineers, agricultural and environmental faculty and all those who work in the bioeconomy area. This book will be critical for engineers in a number of industries including food packaging, medical devices, personal care, fuels, auto, and construction.

An exhaustive and timely overview of renewable polymers froma respected chemist and successful authorThe recent explosion of interdisciplinary research hasfragmented the knowledge base surrounding renewable polymers.The Chemistry of Bio-based Polymers brings together, in onevolume, the research and work of Professor Johannes Fink, focusingon biopolymers that can be synthesized from renewable polymers.After introducing general aspects of the field, the book'ssubsequent chapters examine the chemistry of biodegradablepolymeric types sorted by their chemical compounds, including thesynthesis of low molecular compounds. Various categories ofbiopolymers are detailed including vinyl-based polymers, acid andlactone polymers, ester and amide polymers, carbohydrate-relatedpolymers and others. Procedures for the preparation of biopolymersand biodegradable nanocomposites are arranged by chemical methodsand in vitro biological methods, with discussion of the issue of"plastics from bacteria."The factors influencing the degradation and biodegradation ofpolymers used in food packaging, exposed to various environments,are detailed at length. The book covers the medical applications ofbio-based polymers, concentrating on controlled drug delivery,temporary prostheses, and scaffolds for tissue engineering.Professor Fink also addresses renewable resources for fabricatingbiofuels and argues for localized biorefineries, as biomassfeedstocks are more efficiently handled locally.AudienceThe Chemistry of Bio-based Polymers will be read bychemists, polymer and materials scientists, chemical, bio-based,and biomedical engineers, agricultural and environmental facultyand all those who work in the bioeconomy area. This book will becritical for engineers in a number of industries including foodpackaging, medical devices, personal care, fuels, auto, andconstruction.

Preface xiii1 An Overview of Methods and Standards 11.1 History of Biodegradable Plastics 11.2 Green Chemistry 21.3 Commercial Situation 51.4 Environmental Situation 71.5 Properties of Biodegradable Polymers 121.6 Special Methods of Synthesis 141.7 Biodegradability Standards 201.8 Test of the Biological Origin 29References 35Part I Bio-based Polymers Degradation and Chemistry 432 Vinyl Based Polymers 452.1 Polyolefins 452.2 Poly(styrene) Elastomers 482.3 Poly(vinyl alcohol) 482.4 Poly(vinyl butyral) 51References 603 Acid and Lactone Polymers 633.1 Poly(lactic acid) 633.2 Poly(glycolic acid)s 743.3 Butyrolactone-based Vinyl Monomers 773.4 Poly(caprolactone) 81References 834 Ester and Amide Polymers 874.1 Poly(ester)s 874.2 Plant oil-based Biopolymers 1174.3 Poly(amide)s 124References 1315 Carbohydrate Related Polymers 1375.1 Starch 1375.2 Cellulose 1495.3 Cellulose ethers 1585.4 Cellulose esters 1585.5 Cellulose ether esters 1585.6 Lignin 1605.7 Biodegradable Nanocomposites 1625.8 Chitin 164References 1676 Other Polymer Types 1716.1 Terpenes 1716.2 Poly(urethane)s 1766.3 Cationic Lipopolymers 1786.4 Plastics from Bacteria 1796.5 Biobased Epoxy Resins 1806.6 Phosphate Containing Polymers 1816.7 Polyketals 1876.8 Bio-rubber 1886.9 Collagen 1896.10 Pyridinium Modified Polymers 1896.11 Commercial Biodegradable Polymers 190References 192Part II Applications 1957 Packaging and Food Applications 1977.1 Packaging 1977.2 Fibers and Nets 2107.3 Foams 2137.4 Biodegradable Hot melt Adhesive Compositions 2177.5 Food Applications 218References 2198 Medical Applications 2238.1 Drug Delivery 2238.2 Tissue Engineering 2388.3 Tissue Markers 2408.4 Hydrogels 2428.5 Microporous Materials 2438.6 Implants 2468.7 Shape Memory Polymers 2528.8 Stents 2558.9 Thermogelling Materials 2588.10 Wound Dressings 2598.11 Bioceramics 2598.12 Conjugates 261References 2629 Personal Care and Sanitary Goods 2699.1 Breathable Biodegradable Hot Melt Composition 2699.2 Sanitary Goods 2699.3 Superabsorbent Materials 272References 27310 Miscellaneous Applications 27510.1 Flooring Materials 27510.2 Abrasives and Polishing Compositions 27910.3 Lubricants 28210.4 Renewable Cards 28210.5 Biodegradable Irrigation Pipe 28310.6 Thermosensitive Material 28410.7 Biodegradable scale inhibitors 28610.8 Nanocomposites 28710.9 Molded Articles from Fruit Residues 28710.10 Fluorescent Biodegradable Particles 28710.11 Test Cylinder Mold for Testing Concrete 29010.12 Flexographic Inks 29010.13 Audio Systems 29210.14 Automotive Uses 29310.15 Green Hot Melt Adhesives 29410.16 Mechanistic Studies 29510.16.1 Olefin Isomerization 295References 29711 Biofuels 29911.1 Xenobiotics 29911.2 Biopolymers 30011.3 Bioethanol 30211.4 Biobutanol and Biobutanediol 31011.5 Biodiesel 313References 317Index 321Tradenames 321Acronyms 326Chemicals 328General Index 336