Modeling Urban Dynamics

The field of Urban Dynamics itself is based on the systems engineering concept that all complex systems (and cities and urban areas are no exception) are comprised of independent and often smaller, more understandable sub-components with relationships to one another. This allows for the system as a whole to be modeled, using knowledge of the individual subsystems and their behaviors. In this instance, urban dynamics allows for the modeling and understanding of land use, the attractiveness of space to residents, and how the ageing and obsolescence of buildings affects planning and economic development, as well as population movements, with the urban landscape. The book adopts a trans-disciplinary approach that looks at the way residential mobility, commuting patterns, and travel behavior affect the urban form. It addresses a series of issues dealing with the accessibility of urban amenities, quality of life, and assessment of landscape residential choices, as well as measurement of external factors in the urban environment and their impact on property values.

The field of Urban Dynamics itself is based on the systems engineering concept that all complex systems (and cities and urban areas are no exception) are comprised of independent and often smaller, more understandable sub-components with relationships to one another. This allows for the system as a whole to be modeled, using knowledge of the individual subsystems and their behaviors. In this instance, urban dynamics allows for the modeling and understanding of land use, the attractiveness of space to residents, and how the ageing and obsolescence of buildings affects planning and economic development, as well as population movements, with the urban landscape.The book adopts a trans-disciplinary approach that looks at the way residential mobility, commuting patterns, and travel behavior affect the urban form. It addresses a series of issues dealing with the accessibility of urban amenities, quality of life, and assessment of landscape residential choices, as well as measurement of external factors in the urban environment and their impact on property values.

Introduction xiiiMarius THÉRIAULT and François DES ROSIERSChapter 1. The Role of Mobility in the Building of Metropolitan Polycentrism 1Sandrine BERROIR, Hélène MATHIAN, Thérèse SAINT-JULIEN and Lena SANDERS1.1. Introduction 11.2. Identification of centers and sub-centers 21.3. Polycentric functioning in two metropolitan contexts 131.4. Conclusion 231.5. Acknowledgements 231.6. Bibliography 24Chapter 2. Commuting and Gender: Two Cities, One Reality? 27Marie-Hélène VANDERSMISSEN, Isabelle THOMAS and Ann VERHETSEL2.1. Commuting, gender and urban dynamics 272.2. Commuting and gender in Belgium 322.3. Commuting and gender in Québec City 382.4. Québec City and Brussels: two cities, one reality? 492.5. Acknowledgements 502.6. Bibliography 50Chapter 3. Spatiotemporal Modeling of Destination Choices for Consumption Purposes: Market Areas Delineation and Market Share Estimation 57Gjin BIBA and Paul VILLENEUVE3.1. Introduction 573.2. Main approaches to the spatial analysis of retail activity 593.3. Modeling market areas and consumer destination choices 673.4. Conclusion 763.5. Acknowledgements 773.6. Bibliography 78Chapter 4. Generation of Potential Fields and Route Simulation Based on the Household Travel Survey 83Arnaud BANOS and Thomas THÉVENIN4.1. Introduction 834.2. Rebuilding the virtual city 844.3. From the city in motion to individual trajectories 914.4. Conclusion 974.5. Bibliography 98Chapter 5. Impacts of Road Networks on Urban Mobility 103Jean-Christophe FOLTÊTE, Cyrille GENRE-GRANDPIERRE and Didier JOSSELIN5.1. Introduction 1035.2. The urban road network: a major determinant of pedestrian flow 1055.3. Influence of the road network on the efficiency of a transportation service 1105.4. Road network metrics, urban sprawl and car dependency 1175.5. Conclusion 1235.6. Acknowledgements 1245.7. Bibliography 124Chapter 6. Daily Mobility and Urban Form: Constancy in Visited and Represented Places as Indicators of Environmental Values 129Thierry RAMADIER, Chryssanthi PETROPOULOU, Hélène HANIOTOU, Anne-Christine BRONNER and Christophe ENAUX6.1. Introduction 1296.2. From landscape to eco-landscape 1316.3. Behavioral and representational data collection 1426.4. Behavioral and representational data processing 1476.5. An application example: the Cronenbourg district pensioners' mobility 1496.6. Conclusion 1546.7. Acknowledgements 1556.8. Bibliography 155Chapter 7. Household Residential Choices upon Acquiring a Single-Family House 159Yan KESTENS, Marius THÉRIAULT and François DES ROSIERS7.1. Introduction 1597.2. Spatial cognition and perception of activity places 1607.3. Residential mobility 1627.4. Residential choice and location 1637.5. Mobility survey and residential choices in Québec City 1647.6. Conjoint modeling of household stated preferences 1737.7. Discussion and conclusion 1797.8. Acknowledgments 1827.9. Bibliography 182Chapter 8. Distances, Accessibility and Spatial Diffusion 189Pierre DUMOLARD8.1. Introduction 1898.2. Distance, distances? 1908.3. Spatial accessibility 1928.4. Accessibility and spatial diffusion 1988.5. Conclusion 2028.6. Bibliography 203Chapter 9. Accessibility to Proximity Services in Poor Areas of the Island of Montreal 205Philippe APPARICIO and Anne-Marie SÉGUIN9.1. Introduction 2059.2. Data 2069.3. Methodology for measuring accessibility of services 2069.4. Methodological approach: designing an accessibility indicator 2159.5. The findings 2159.6. Conclusion 2209.7. Bibliography 221Chapter 10. Accessibility of Urban Services: Modeling Socio-spatial Differences and their Impacts on Residential Values 225Marius THÉRIAULT, Marion VOISIN and François DES ROSIERS10.1. Introduction 22510.2. The perceptual and social components of accessibility 22710.3. Centrality, relative and differential accessibilities 22910.4. Modeling the impact of accessibility on residential values 23810.5. Conclusion 25110.6. Acknowledgements 25210.7. Bibliography 252Chapter 11. Hedonic Price Modeling: Measuring Urban Externalities in Québec 255François DES ROSIERS, Jean DUBÉ and Marius THÉRIAULT11.1. Introduction 25511.2. Hedonic modeling and the microeconomic theory 25811.3. Measuring urban externalities: market segmentation and functional form issues 26011.4. Econometric issues and implicit price estimation 26511.5. The hedonic approach and measure of externalities: some examples 26811.6. Conclusion 27811.7. Acknowledgements 27911.8. Bibliography 279Chapter 12. The Value of Peri-urban Landscapes in a French Real Estate Market 285Thierry BROSSARD, Jean CAVAILHÈS, Mohamed HILAL, Daniel JOLY, François-Pierre TOURNEUX and Pierre WAVRESKY12.1. Introduction 28512.2. Real estate and landscape data 28612.3. Geographic and econometric models 29112.4. Results 29712.5. Conclusion 30412.6. Acknowledgements 30412.7. Bibliography 304Chapter 13. Conclusion 307Marius THÉRIAULT and François DES ROSIERS13.1. Acknowledgements 31113.2. Bibliography 311List of Authors 313Index 317