RF Coils for MRI

The content of this volume has been added to eMagRes (formerly Encyclopedia of Magnetic Resonance) - the ultimate online resource for NMR and MRI. To date there is no single reference aimed at teaching the art of applications guided coil design for use in MRI. This RF Coils for MRI handbook is intended to become this reference. Heretofore, much of the know-how of RF coil design is bottled up in various industry and academic laboratories around the world. Some of this information on coil technologies and applications techniques has been disseminated through the literature, while more of this knowledge has been withheld for competitive or proprietary advantage. Of the published works, the record of technology development is often incomplete and misleading, accurate referencing and attribution assignment being tantamount to admission of patent infringement in the commercial arena. Accordingly, the literature on RF coil design is fragmented and confusing. There are no texts and few courses offered to teach this material. Mastery of the art and science of RF coil design is perhaps best achieved through the learning that comes with a long career in the field at multiple places of employment until now. RF Coils for MRI combines the lifetime understanding and expertise of many of the senior designers in the field into a single, practical training manual. It informs the engineer on part numbers and sources of component materials, equipment, engineering services and consulting to enable anyone with electronics bench experience to build, test and interface a coil. The handbook teaches the MR system user how to safely and successfully implement the coil for its intended application. The comprehensive articles also include information required by the scientist or physician to predict respective experiment or clinical performance of a coil for a variety of common applications. It is expected that RF Coils for MRI becomes an important resource for engineers, technicians, scientists, and physicians wanting to safely and successfully buy or build and use MR coils in the clinic or laboratory. Similarly, this guidebook provides teaching material for students, fellows and residents wanting to better understand the theory and operation of RF coils. Many of the articles have been written by the pioneers and developers of coils, arrays and probes, so this is all first hand information! The handbook serves as an expository guide for hands-on radiologists, radiographers, physicians, engineers, medical physicists, technologists, and for anyone with interests in building or selecting and using RF coils to achieve best clinical or experimental results. About EMR Handbooks / eMagRes Handbooks The Encyclopedia of Magnetic Resonance (up to 2012) and eMagRes (from 2013 onward) publish a wide range of online articles on all aspects of magnetic resonance in physics, chemistry, biology and medicine. The existence of this large number of articles, written by experts in various fields, is enabling the publication of a series of EMR Handbooks / eMagRes Handbooks on specific areas of NMR and MRI. The chapters of each of these handbooks will comprise a carefully chosen selection of articles from eMagRes. In consultation with the eMagRes Editorial Board, the EMR Handbooks / eMagRes Handbooks are coherently planned in advance by specially-selected Editors, and new articles are written (together with updates of some already existing articles) to give appropriate complete coverage. The handbooks are intended to be of value and interest to research students, postdoctoral fellows and other researchers learning about the scientific area in question and undertaking relevant experiments, whether in academia or industry. Have the content of this Handbook and the complete content of eMagRes at your fingertips! Visit: wileyonlinelibrary.com/ref/eMagRes View other eMagRes publications here

To date there is no single reference aimed at teaching the art of applications guided coil design for use in MRI. This RF Coils for MRI handbook is intended to become this reference.Heretofore, much of the know-how of RF coil design is bottled up in various industry and academic laboratories around the world. Some of this information on coil technologies and applications techniques has been disseminated through the literature, while more of this knowledge has been withheld for competitive or proprietary advantage. Of the published works, the record of technology development is often incomplete and misleading, accurate referencing and attribution assignment being tantamount to admission of patent infringement in the commercial arena. Accordingly, the literature on RF coil design is fragmented and confusing. There are no texts and few courses offered to teach this material. Mastery of the art and science of RF coil design is perhaps best achieved through the learning that comes with a long career in the field at multiple places of employment...until now.RF Coils for MRI combines the lifetime understanding and expertise of many of the senior designers in the field into a single, practical training manual. It informs the engineer on part numbers and sources of component materials, equipment, engineering services and consulting to enable anyone with electronics bench experience to build, test and interface a coil. The handbook teaches the MR system user how to safely and successfully implement the coil for its intended application. The comprehensive articles also include information required by the scientist or physician to predict respective experiment or clinical performance of a coil for a variety of common applications. It is expected that RF Coils for MRI becomes an important resource for engineers, technicians, scientists, and physicians wanting to safely and successfully buy or build and use MR coils in the clinic or laboratory. Similarly, this guidebook provides teaching material for students, fellows and residents wanting to better understand the theory and operation of RF coils.Many of the articles have been written by the pioneers and developers of coils, arrays and probes, so this is all first hand information! The handbook serves as an expository guide for hands-on radiologists, radiographers, physicians, engineers, medical physicists, technologists, and for anyone with interests in building or selecting and using RF coils to achieve best clinical or experimental results.

Contributors ixSeries Preface xiiiVolume Preface xvPart A: Surface Coils 11 An Historical Introduction to Surface Coils: The Early Days 3Joseph J. H. Ackerman2 Radiofrequency Coils for NMR: A Peripatetic History of Their Twists and Turns 9Eiichi Fukushima3 Quadrature Surface Coils 17Christopher M. Collin and, Andrew G. Webb4 Double-Tuned Surface Coils 27Barbara L. Beck5 Nested Surface Coils for Multinuclear NMR 39Arthur W. Magill and Rolf Gruetter6 Quadrature Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM) Surface Coils 51Nikolai I. AvdievichPart B: Array Coils 637 Receiver Loop Arrays 65Steven M. Wright8 Coil Array Design for Parallel Imaging: Theory and Applications 81Daniel K. Sodickson, Michael A. Ohliger, Riccardo Lattanzi and Graham C. Wiggins9 Transceiver Loop Arrays 101Randy Duensing10 Characterization of Multichannel Coil Arrays on the Benchtop 111Mark A GriswoldPart C: Volume Coils 12111 Birdcage Volume Coil Design 123Nicola De Zanche12 Double-Tuned Birdcage Coils: Construction and Tuning 137Joseph Murphy-Boesch13 TEM Body Coils 147J. Thomas Vaughan14 TEM Transceiver Head Array Coils for Ultra High Magnetic Fields 169Gregor Adriany15 TEM Arrays, Design and Implementation 175Carl Snyder16 Transverse Electromagnatic (TEM) Coils for Extremities 185Nikolai I. Avdievich17 Antennas as Surface Array Elements for Body Imaging at Ultra-high Field Strengths 197A. J. E. Raaijmakers and C. A. T. van den BergPart D: Special Purpose Coils 20918 Catheter Coils 211Ergin Atalar19 Microcoils 225Andrew G. Webb20 Cryogenic and Superconducting Coils for MRI 233Sven Junge21 Litz Coils for High Resolution and Animal Probes, Especially for Double Resonance 245F. David Doty, George Entzminger Jr22 Millipede Coils 259Ernest W. H. WongPart E: Coil Interface Circuits 26923 Receiver Design for MR 271David I. Hoult24 Radiofrequency Power Amplifiers for NMR and MRI 299Daniel P. Myer25 Impedance Matching and Baluns 315David M. PetersonPart F: Coil Modeling and Evaluation 32526 Radiofrequency MRI Coil Analysis: A Standard Procedure 327Rostislav A. Lemdiasov, Reinhold Ludwig27 Practical Electromagnetic Modeling Methods 339Jian-Ming Jin28 Radiofrequency Fields and SAR for Bird Cages 363Tamer S. Ibrahim29 RF Field Modeling for Double-Tuned Volume Coils 377Wanzhan Liu30 Radiofrequency Fields and SAR for Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM) Surface Coils 387Can Eyup Akgun31 TEM Coil Fields and SAR 397Jinfeng TianPart G: RF Safety 40732 RF Device Safety and Compatibility 409John Nyenhuis33 Radiofrequency Heating Models and MeasurementsDevashish Shrivastava, J. Thomas Vaughan 425Index 437