Phycotoxins

Phycotoxins are a diverse group of poisonous substances produced by certain seaweed and algae in marine and fresh waters and are important to the scientific community for many reasons, the most obvious being that they pose food safety issues which requires a large investment to regularly monitor the presence of these compounds in foods. Phycotoxins: Chemistry and Biochemistry, second edition presents the most updated information available on phycotoxins. Major emphases are given to chemistry and biochemistry, while origins, mechanism of action, toxicology, and analytical methodology are also covered. Since the publication of the first edition, there have been major advances in the science of marine and aquatic toxins, as well as advances in toxicology, analytical chemistry and pharmacology. This fully revised and updated edition includes several new chapters, including those on ciguatoxins, pinnatoxin, ichthyotoxins, as well as new chapters on food safety control of marine toxins, climate change and water toxins, and microalgae as a source of nutraceuticals. The book will be of interest to toxicologists, marine, food, and plant scientists, as well as researchers and academics in the areas of food science, medicine, public health, toxicology, pharmacology and marine biology.

Phycotoxins are a diverse group of poisonous substances produced by certain seaweed and algae in marine and fresh waters and are important to the scientific community for many reasons, the most obvious being that they pose food safety issues which requires a large investment to regularly monitor the presence of these compounds in foods.Phycotoxins: Chemistry and Biochemistry, second edition presents the most updated information available on phycotoxins. Major emphases are given to chemistry and biochemistry, while origins, mechanism of action, toxicology, and analytical methodology are also covered.Since the publication of the first edition, there have been major advances in the science of marine and aquatic toxins, as well as advances in toxicology, analytical chemistry and pharmacology. This fully revised and updated edition includes several new chapters, including those on ciguatoxins, pinnatoxin, ichthyotoxins, as well as new chapters on food safety control of marine toxins, climate change and water toxins, and microalgae as a source of nutraceuticals.The book will be of interest to toxicologists, marine, food, and plant scientists, as well as researchers and academics in the areas of food science, medicine, public health, toxicology, pharmacology and marine biology.

List of contributors viiPreface xiii1 Analysis of marine toxins: gaps on food safety control of marine toxins 1Paz Otero and Carmen Alfonso2 Pharmacology of ciguatoxins 23Carmen Vale, Álvaro Antelo and Víctor Martín3 Chemistry of pinnatoxins 49Phillip Mabe and Armen Zakarian4 Chemistry and analysis of PSP toxins 69Ana Botana and Verónica Rey López5 Chemistry of palytoxin and its analogues 85Patrizia Ciminiello, Carmela Dell'Aversano and Martino Forino6 Pharmacology of palytoxins and ostreocins 113M. Carmen Louzao, María Fraga and Natalia Vilarin~ o7 Recent insights into anatoxin-a chemical synthesis, biomolecular targets, mechanisms of action and LC-MS detection 137Custódia Fonseca, Manuel Aureliano, Feras Abbas and Ambrose Furey8 Therapeutics of marine toxins 181Eva Alonso and Juan A. Rubiolo9 Marine toxins as modulators of apoptosis 203Amparo Alfonso, Andrea Fernández-Araujo and Mercedes R. Vieytes10 Cyanobacterial toxins 225Vitor Vasconcelos, Pedro Leão and Alexandre Campos11 Marine toxins and climate change: the case of PSP from cyanobacteria in coastal lagoons 239Antonella Lugliè, Silvia Pulina, Milena Bruno, Bachisio Mario Padedda, Cecilia Teodora Satta, and Nicola Sechi12 Microalgae as a source of nutraceuticals 255Sushanta Kumar Saha, Edward McHugh, Patrick Murray and Daniel J. Walsh13 The marine origin of drugs 293André Horta, Celso Alves, Susete Pinteus and Rui Pedrosa14 Pharmacology of cylindrospermopsin 317Juan A. Rubiolo, Diego Alberto Fernández, Henar López and M. Carmen Louzao15 Pharmacology of the cyclic imines 343Natalia Vilarinõ, Sara F. Ferreiro, Andrés Crespo and José Gil16 Diversity of organic structures of marine microbial origin with drug potential 361Marcel Jaspars, Rainer Ebel and Hai Deng17 Polyketides as a source of chemical diversity 381Tanya Beletskaya, Catherine Collins and Patrick Murray18 Ichthyotoxins 407John W. La Claire II and Schonna R. Manning19 Pathological clues of phycotoxin ingestion 463Manuel Cifuentes, Andrés Crespo and Roberto BermúdezIndex 513