Insect Outbreaks Revisited

The abundance of insects can change dramatically from generation to generation; these generational changes may occur within a growing season or over a period of years. Such extraordinary density changes or "e;outbreaks"e; may be abrupt and ostensibly random, or population peaks may occur in a more or less cyclic fashion. They can be hugely destructive when the insect is a crop pest or carries diseases of humans, farm animals, or wildlife. Knowledge of these types of population dynamics and computer models that may help predict when they occur are very important. This important new book revisits a subject not thoroughly discussed in such a publication since 1988 and brings an international scale to the issue of insect outbreaks. Insect Outbreaks Revisited is intended for senior undergraduate and graduate students in ecology, population biology and entomology, as well as government and industry scientists doing research on pests, land managers, pest management personnel, extension personnel, conservation biologists and ecologists, and state, county and district foresters.

The abundance of insects can change dramatically from generation togeneration; these generational changes may occur within a growingseason or over a period of years. Such extraordinary densitychanges or "outbreaks" may be abrupt and ostensibly random, orpopulation peaks may occur in a more or less cyclic fashion. Theycan be hugely destructive when the insect is a crop pest or carriesdiseases of humans, farm animals, or wildlife. Knowledge of thesetypes of population dynamics and computer models that may helppredict when they occur are very important.This important new book revisits a subject not thoroughlydiscussed in such a publication since 1988 and brings aninternational scale to the issue of insect outbreaks.Insect Outbreaks Revisited is intended for seniorundergraduate and graduate students in ecology, population biologyand entomology, as well as government and industry scientists doingresearch on pests, land managers, pest management personnelextension personnel, conservation biologists and ecologists, andstate, county and district foresters.

Contributors viiiAcknowledgments xiPreface xiiPART I PHYSIOLOGICAL AND LIFE HISTORY PERSPECTIVES 11 Insect Herbivore Outbreaks Viewed through a PhysiologicalFramework: Insights from Orthoptera 3Spencer T. Behmer and Anthony Joern2 The Dynamical Effects of Interactions between Inducible PlantResistance and Food Limitation during Insect Outbreaks 30Karen C. Abbott3 Immune Responses and Their Potential Role in Insect Outbreaks47J. Gwen Shlichta and Angela M. Smilanich4 The Role of Ecological Stoichiometry in Outbreaks of InsectHerbivores 71Eric M. Lind and Pedro BarbosaPART II POPULATION DYNAMICS AND MULTISPECIES INTERACTIONS895 Plant-Induced Responses and Herbivore Population Dynamics91André Kessler, Katja Poveda, and Erik H. Poelman6 Spatial Synchrony of Insect Outbreaks 113Andrew M. Liebhold, Kyle J. Haynes, and Ottar N.Bjørnstad7 What Tree-Ring Reconstruction Tells Us about ConiferDefoliator Outbreaks 126Ann M. Lynch8 Insect-Associated Microorganisms and Their Possible Role inOutbreaks 155Yasmin J. Cardoza, Richard W. Hofstetter, and Fernando E.VegaPART III POPULATION, COMMUNITY, AND ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY1759 Life History Traits and Host Plant Use in Defoliators and BarkBeetles: Implications for Population Dynamics 177Julia Koricheva, Maartje J. Klapwijk, and ChristerBjörkman10 The Ecological Consequences of Insect Outbreaks 197Louie H. Yang11 Insect Outbreaks in Tropical Forests: Patterns, Mechanismsand Consequences 219Lee A. Dyer, Walter P. Carson, and Egbert G. Leigh Jr.12 Outbreaks and Ecosystem Services 246Timothy D. SchowalterPART IV GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 26713 Evidence for Outbreaks from the Fossil Record of InsectHerbivory 269Conrad C. Labandeira14 Implications of Host-Associated Differentiation in theControl of Pest Species 291Raul F. MedinaPART V APPLIED PERSPECTIVES 31115 Disasters by Design: Outbreaks along Urban Gradients313Michael J. Raupp, Paula M. Shrewsbury, and Dan A. Herms16 Resistance to Transgenic Crops and Pest Outbreaks 341Bruce E. Tabashnik and Yves Carrière17 Natural Enemies and Insect Outbreaks in Agriculture: ALandscape Perspective 355J. Megan Woltz, Benjamin P. Werling, and Douglas A.Landis18 Integrated Pest Management - Outbreaks PreventedDelayed, or Facilitated? 371Deborah K. Letourneau19 Insect Invasions: Lessons from Biological Control of Weeds395Peter B. McEvoy, Fritzi S. Grevstad, and Shon S.Schooler20 Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Outbreak Potential429Maartje J. Klapwijk, Matthew P. Ayres, Andrea Battisti, and StigLarssonSubject Index 451Taxonomic Index 459Colour plate pages fall between pp. 196 and 197