The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals

Robert H. Crabtree , Ph. D., is Whitehead professor in the Department of Chemistry at Yale University. He has served on the editorial boards of Chemical Reviews, New Journal of Chemistry, Journal of Molecular Catalysis, and Organometallics and has received numerous awards for his research accomplishments including the Centenary Prize of the Royal Society of Chemistry (2014) and the Organometallic Chemistry Prize of the American Chemical Society (1993).

Fully updated and expanded to reflect recent advances, the sixth edition of this bestselling text provides students and professional chemists with a comprehensive introduction to the principles and general properties of organometallic compounds, as well as including practical information on reaction mechanisms and detailed descriptions of contemporary applications. Increased focus is given to organic synthesis applications, nanoparticle science, and green chemistry.

This edition features:
New sections on Multifunctional Ligands, Oxidation Catalysis, and Green Chemistry
Expanded discussion on topics from the fifth edition: Supramolecular Chemistry, N-Heterocyclic Carbenes, Coupling Reactions, Organometallic Materials, Applications to Organic Synthesis, and Bioorganometallic Chemistry
End-of-chapter problems and their solutions

Widely regarded as the premier text in this field, the sixth edition of The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals continues to provide students and researchers in organic chemistry with vital information on organometallic compounds, their preparation, and use in synthesis.

Preface xi
List of Abbreviations xiii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Why Study Organometallic Chemistry?, 1
1.2 Coordination Chemistry, 3
1.3 Werner Complexes, 4
1.4 The Trans Effect, 9
1.5 Soft versus Hard Ligands, 10
1.6 The Crystal Field, 11
1.7 The Ligand Field, 19
1.8 The sdn Model and Hypervalency, 21
1.9 Back Bonding, 23
1.10 Electroneutrality, 27
1.11 Types of Ligand, 29
References, 37
Problems, 38
2 Making Sense of Organometallic Complexes 40
2.1 The 18-Electron Rule, 40
2.2 Limitations of the 18-Electron Rule, 48
2.3 Electron Counting in Reactions, 50
2.4 Oxidation State, 51
2.5 Coordination Number and Geometry, 57
2.6 Effects of Complexation, 60
2.7 Differences between Metals, 63
References, 66
Problems, 67
3 Alkyls and Hydrides 69
3.1 Alkyls and Aryls, 69
3.2 Other sigma-Bonded Ligands, 84
3.3 Metal Hydrides, 86
3.4 Sigma Complexes, 89
3.5 Bond Strengths, 92
References, 95
Problems, 96
4 Carbonyls, Phosphines, and Substitution 98
4.1 Metal Carbonyls, 98
4.2 Phosphines, 109
4.3 N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs), 113
4.4 Dissociative Substitution, 115
4.5 Associative Substitution, 120
4.6 Redox Effects and Interchange Substitution, 122
4.7 Photochemical Substitution, 124
4.8 Counterions and Solvents in Substitution, 127
References, 129
Problems, 131
5 Pi-Complexes 134
5.1 Alkene and Alkyne Complexes, 134
5.2 Allyls, 140
5.3 Diene Complexes, 144
5.4 Cyclopentadienyl Complexes, 147
5.5 Arenes and Other Alicyclic Ligands, 154
5.6 Isolobal Replacement and Metalacycles, 158
5.7 Stability of Polyene and Polyenyl Complexes, 159
References, 160
Problems, 161
6 Oxidative Addition and Reductive Elimination 163
6.1 Introduction, 163
6.2 Concerted Additions, 166
6.3 SN2 Pathways, 168
6.4 Radical Mechanisms, 170
6.5 Ionic Mechanisms, 172
6.6 Reductive Elimination, 173
6.7 sigma-Bond Metathesis, 179
6.8 Oxidative Coupling and Reductive Fragmentation, 180
References, 182
Problems, 182
7 Insertion and Elimination 185
7.1 Introduction, 185
7.2 CO Insertion, 187
7.3 Alkene Insertion, 192
7.4 Outer Sphere Insertions, 197
7.5 alpha, ß, gamma, and delta Elimination, 198
References, 201
Problems, 201
8 Addition and Abstraction 204
8.1 Introduction, 204
8.2 Nucleophilic Addition to CO, 207
8.3 Nucleophilic Addition to Polyenes and Polyenyls, 208
8.4 Nucleophilic Abstraction in Hydrides, Alkyls, and Acyls, 215
8.5 Electrophilic Addition and Abstraction, 216
8.6 Single-Electron Transfer and Radical Reactions, 219
References, 221
Problems, 222
9 Homogeneous Catalysis 224
9.1 Catalytic Cycles, 224
9.2 Alkene Isomerization, 231
9.3 Hydrogenation, 233
9.4 Alkene Hydroformylation, 242
9.5 Alkene Hydrocyanation, 245
9.6 Alkene Hydrosilylation and Hydroboration, 246
9.7 Coupling Reactions, 248
9.8 Organometallic Oxidation Catalysis, 250
9.9 Surface, Supported, and Cooperative Catalysis, 251
References, 253
Problems, 256
10 Physical Methods 259
10.1 Isolation, 259
10.2 1H NMR Spectroscopy, 260
10.3 13C NMR Spectroscopy, 26410.4 31P NMR Spectroscopy, 266
10.5 Dynamic NMR, 268
10.6 Spin Saturation Transfer, 271
10.7 T1 and the Nuclear Overhauser Effect, 272
10.8 IR Spectroscopy, 276
10.9 Crystallography, 279
10.10 Electrochemistry and EPR, 281
10.11 Computation, 283
10.12 Other Methods, 285
References, 287
Problems, 288
11 M-L Multiple Bonds 290
11.1 Carbenes, 290
11.2 Carbynes, 302
11.3 Bridging Carbenes and Carbynes, 305
11.4 N-Heterocyclic Carbenes, 306
11.5 Multiple Bonds to Heteroatoms, 310
References, 313
Problems, 315
12 Applications 317
12.1 Alkene Metathesis, 317
12.2 Dimerization, Oligomerization, and Polymerization of Alkenes, 324
12.3 Activation of CO and CO2, 332
12.4 C-H Activation, 336
12.5 Green Chemistry, 343
12.6 Energy Chemistry, 344
References, 347
Problems, 349
13 Clusters, Nanoparticles, Materials, and Surfaces 353
13.1 Cluster Structures, 354
13.2 The Isolobal Analogy, 364
13.3 Nanoparticles, 368
13.4 Organometal