The Nursing Profession

The Nursing Profession: Development, Challenges, and Opportunities is designed to be a resource for those who are interested in or touched by nursing. This book is designed in part to complement the report by the Institute of Medicine on the future of nursing. Readers whether researchers or practitioners, foundation or government officials, students, or simply lay people interested in nursing should use this volume to gain a better understanding of the nursing profession and the issues with which those in the field and related fields are grappling. Major topics include: The history of nursing The nursing profession Current issues and challenges, including the nursing shortage, educating and training nurses, utilizing advanced practice nurses to their fullest, quality and cost, long-term care, community-based care, gender and power, and new areas for nursing A vision for the future The book begins with a comprehensive review of the nursing field by Diana Mason, the Rudin Professor of Nursing at the Hunter-Bellevue School of Nursing, City University of New York, and former Editor-in-Chief of the American Journal of Nursing. Mason s chapter is followed by reprints of twenty-five of the most influential or significant articles on nursing some of them classic pieces dating back to Florence Nightingale, others presenting more current thinking on critical issues. This kind of source material is rarely found in one place.

The Nursing Profession: Development, Challenges, andOpportunities is designed to be a resource for those who areinterested in or touched by nursing. This book is designed in partto complement the report by the Institute of Medicine on the futureof nursing. Readers--whether researchers or practitionersfoundation or government officials, students, or simply lay peopleinterested in nursing--should use this volume to gain a betterunderstanding of the nursing profession and the issues with whichthose in the field and related fields are grappling. Major topicsinclude:* The history of nursing* The nursing profession* Current issues and challenges, including the nursing shortageeducating and training nurses, utilizing advanced practice nursesto their fullest, quality and cost, long-term care, community-basedcare, gender and power, and new areas for nursing* A vision for the futureThe book begins with a comprehensive review of the nursing fieldby Diana Mason, the Rudin Professor of Nursing at theHunter-Bellevue School of Nursing, City University of New York, andformer Editor-in-Chief of the American Journal of Nursing.Mason's chapter is followed by reprints of twenty-five of themost influential or significant articles on nursing--some ofthem classic pieces dating back to Florence Nightingale, otherspresenting more current thinking on critical issues. This kind ofsource material is rarely found in one place.

Foreword ixRisa Lavizzo-MoureyPreface xiSusan B. HassmillerEditors' Introduction xiiiDiana J. Mason, Stephen L. Isaacs, and David C. ColbyAcknowledgments xvREVIEW OF THE NURSING FIELD 1AN ORIGINAL ARTICLETHE NURSING PROFESSION: DEVELOPMENT, CHALLENGES, ANDOPPORTUNITIES 3Diana J. MasonTHE HISTORY OF NURSING AND THE ROLE OF NURSES 83REPRINTS1. NOTES ON NURSING: WHAT IT IS, AND WHAT IT IS NOT 85Florence Nightingale2. THE NATURE OF NURSING 89Virginia Henderson3. A CARING DILEMMA: WOMANHOOD AND NURSING IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 101Susan Reverby4. NURSING AS METAPHOR 115Claire M. Fagin and Donna Diers5. STAGES OF NURSING'S POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT: WHERE WE'VE BEEN AND WHERE WE OUGHT TO GO 119Sally Solomon Cohen, Diana J. Mason, Christine Kovner, Judith K. Leavitt, Joyce Pulcini, and Julie Sochalski6. KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING: OUR HISTORICAL ROOTS AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES 133Susan R. GortnerNURSING EDUCATION AND TRAINING 149REPRINTS7. THE GOLDMARK REPORT 151Committee on Nursing Education8. CAREER PATHWAYS IN NURSING: ENTRY POINTS AND ACADEMIC PROGRESSION 169C. Fay Raines and M. Elaine Taglaireni9. NURSING THE GREAT SOCIETY: THE IMPACT OF THE NURSE TRAINING ACT OF 1964 181Joan E. LynaughADVANCED PRACTICE NURSING 195REPRINTS10. ROLE AND QUALITY OF NURSE PRACTITIONER PRACTICE: A POLICY ISSUE 197Connie Mullinix and Dawn P. Bucholtz11. PRIMARY CARE OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS TREATED BY NURSE PRACTITIONERS OR PHYSICIANS: A RANDOMIZED TRIAL 207Mary O. Mundinger, Robert L. Kane, Elizabeth R. Lenz, Annette M. Totten, Wei- Yann Tsai, Paul D. Cleary, William T. Friedewald, Albert L. Siu, and Michael L. Shelanski12. NURSE- MIDWIVES AND NURSE ANESTHETISTS: THE CUTTING EDGE IN SPECIALIST PRACTICE 227Donna Diers13. LESSONS LEARNED FROM TESTING THE QUALITY COST MODEL OF ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSING (APN) TRANSITIONAL CARE 249Dorothy Brooten, Mary D. Naylor, Ruth York, Linda P. Brown, BarbaraHazard Munro, Andrea O. Hollingsworth, Susan M. Cohen, Steven Finkler, Janet Deatrick, and JoAnne M. Youngblut14. REACHING CONSENSUS ON A REGULATORY MODEL: WHATDOES THIS MEAN FOR APRNs? 263Joan M. StanleyTHE NURSING WORKFORCE/NURSING SHORTAGES 271REPRINTS15. IMPLICATIONS OF AN AGING REGISTERED NURSE WORKFORCE 273Peter I. Buerhaus, Douglas O. Staiger, and David I. Auerbach16. GLOBAL NURSE MIGRATION 287Barbara L. Nichols, Catherine R. Davis, and Donna R. RichardsonQUALITY, SAFETY, AND COST 299REPRINTS17. NURSE- STAFFING LEVELS AND THE QUALITY OF CARE IN HOSPITALS 301Jack Needleman, Peter I. Buerhaus, Soeren Mattke, Maureen Stewart, and Katya Zelevinsky18. HOSPITAL NURSE STAFFING AND PATIENT MORTALITY, NURSE BURNOUT, AND JOB DISSATISFACTION 317Linda H. Aiken, Sean P. Clarke, Douglas M. Sloane, Julie Sochalskiand Jeffrey H. Silber19. NURSE STAFFING IN HOSPITALS: IS THERE A BUSINESS CASEFOR QUALITY? 331Jack Needleman, Peter I. Buerhaus, Maureen Stewart, Katya Zelevinskyand Soeren MattkeSPECIALTY PRACTICE IN NURSING 343REPRINTS20. LONG- TERM CARE POLICY ISSUES 345Charlene Harrington21. THE FUTURE OF HOME CARE 357Karen Buhler-Wilkerson22. FOLLOW THE MONEY: FUNDING STREAMS AND PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING 367Kristine M. Gebbie23. SWAMP NURSE 375Katherine Boo24. ROLE OF THE SCHOOL NURSE IN PROVIDING SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICES 393American Academy of Pediatrics Council on School HealthAfterword 401Donna E. Shalala and Linda Burnes BoltonThe Editors 403