Beschreibung:
Phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs) provide paleontologists with analaytical tools for investigating evolutionary tempo and mode in fossil lineages, but integrating them with fossil data can be challenging. This Element presents guides to applying PCMs with fossil taxa as well as example analayses illustrating common applications.
1. Introduction; 2. Getting Started ¿ Data and Phylogeny; 3. Phylogenetic Non-independence; 4. Tempo and Mode ¿ Brownian Motion and More; 5. Incorporating Estimates of Error; 6. Variation Across Trees; 7. Model Fit and Model Adequacy; 8. Post-hoc Modelling of Discrete Characters; 9. Modelling Heterogeneous Trait Evolution; 10. Conclusions; References.