The Third World in the Global 1960s

Decades after the massive student protest movements that consumed much of the world, the 1960s remain a significant subject of scholarly inquiry. While important work has been done regarding radical activism in the United States and Western Europe, events in what is today known as the Global South—Asia, Africa, and Latin America—have yet to receive the attention they deserve. This volume inserts the Third World into the study of the 1960s by examining the local and international articulations of youth protest in various geographical, social, and cultural arenas. Rejecting the notion that the Third World existed on the periphery, it situates the events of the 1960s in a more inclusive context, building a richer, more nuanced understanding of the era that better reflects the dynamism of the period.

Decades after the massive student protest movements that consumed much of the world, the 1960s remain a significant subject of scholarly inquiry. While important work has been done regarding radical activism in the United States and Western Europe, events in what is today known as the Global South—Asia, Africa, and Latin America—have yet to receive the attention they deserve. This volume inserts the Third World into the study of the 1960s by examining the local and international articulations of youth protest in various geographical, social, and cultural arenas. Rejecting the notion that the Third World existed on the periphery, it situates the events of the 1960s in a more inclusive context, building a richer, more nuanced understanding of the era that better reflects the dynamism of the period.

Foreword
Arif Dirlik

Introduction
Samantha Christiansen and Zachary A Scarlett

Part I: Crossing Borders: The Idea of the Third World and the Global 1960s

Chapter 1. A Shared Space of Imagination, Communication, and Action: Perspectives on the History of the “Third World”
Christoph Kalter

Chapter 2. China’s Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution and the Imagination of the Third World
Zachary Scarlett

Chapter 3. Politics and Periodicals in 1960s India: The Naxalite Movement
Avishek Ganguly

Chapter 4. Liberation Struggle and Humanitarian Aid – International Solidarity Movements and the “Third World” in the 1960s
Konrad Kuhn

Part II: Fresh Battles in Old Struggles: New Voices and Modes of Expression

Chapter 5. “A More Systemic Fight for Reform”: University Reform, Student Movements, Society, and the State in Brazil, 1957-1968
Colin Snider

Chapter 6. “Speaking the Language of Protest:” African Student Rebellions at the Catholic Major Seminary in Colonial Zimbabwe, 1965-1979
Nicholas Creary

Chapter 7. 1968 and the Context of Apartheid: Students, Race, and Politics in South Africa
Chris Saunders

Chapter 8. Brother Wally and De Burnin’ of Babylon: Walter Rodney’s Impact on the Reawakening of Black Power, the Birth of Reggae, and Resistance to Global Imperialism
James Bradford

Part III:  Unfinished Business: Challenging the State’s Revolution

Chapter 9. June 4th 1969: Violence, Political Imagination, and the Student Movement in the Congo
Pedro Monaville

Chapter 10. Revolution on the National Stage: Mexico, the PRI, and the Student Movement in 1968
Julia Sloan

Chapter 11. Students, Identity and Strategic Alliance Building: The Emergence of University Students as a Political Opposition Force in Indonesia in the 1960s
Stephanie Sapiie

Chapter 12. Putting up a United Front: MAN in the Rebellious Sixties in the Philippines
Erwin Fernandez