Who Owns the Stock?

The issue of collective and multiple property rights in animals, such as cattle, camels or reindeers, among pastoralists has never been a subject of special cross-cultural and comparative study. Focusing on pastoralist societies in East and West Africa, the Far North and Siberia, and the Eurasian steppes, this volume addresses the issue of property rights and the changes these societies have undergone due to the direct or indirect influence of modernization and globalization processes. The contributors also investigate the interplay of older sets of rights and modern marketing policies; political, ecological and economic effects of collectivization and de-collectivization; the existence of collective and private property in the Soviet Union and its successor states; state taxation and destocking measures in African dry lands; and the effects of quarantine, as well as import and export regulations. The rich and well-researched ethnographic, historical, and economic data in these chapters provides new theoretical insights into the matter of property rights in animals.

The issue of collective and multiple property rights in animals, such as cattle, camels or reindeers, among pastoralists has never been a subject of special cross-cultural and comparative study. Focusing on pastoralist societies in East and West Africa, the Far North and Siberia, and the Eurasian steppes, this volume addresses the issue of property rights and the changes these societies have undergone due to the direct or indirect influence of modernization and globalization processes. The contributors also investigate the interplay of older sets of rights and modern marketing policies; political, ecological and economic effects of collectivization and de-collectivization; the existence of collective and private property in the Soviet Union and its successor states; state taxation and destocking measures in African dry lands; and the effects of quarantine, as well as import and export regulations. The rich and well-researched ethnographic, historical, and economic data in these chapters provides new theoretical insights into the matter of property rights in animals.

List of Maps, Figures and Tables

Introduction
Anatoly M. Khazanov and Günther Schlee

PART I: TUNDRA AND TAIGA

Chapter 1. ‘I should have some deer, but I don’t remember how many’: Confused Ownership of Reindeer in Chukotka, Russia
Patty A. Gray

Chapter 2. Reindeer, Social Relations and Networks in a Post-Socialist Arctic Community: The Dolgan in Sakha
Aimar Ventsel

Chapter 3. Earmarks, Furmarks and the Community: Multiple Reindeer Property among West Siberian Pastoralists
Florian Stammler

Chapter 4. ‘Trust’ or ‘Domination’? Divergent Perceptions of Property in Animals among the Tozhu and the Tofa of South Siberia
Brian Donahoe

Chapter 5. Milk and Antlers: A System of Partitioned Rights and Multiple Holders of Reindeer in Northern China
Hugh Beach

PART II: THE EURASIAN STEPPE

Chapter 6. Pastoralism and Property Relations in Contemporary Kazakhstan
Anatoly M. Khazanov

Chapter 7. Property Rights in Livestock among Mongolian Pastoralists: Categories of Ownership and Categories of Control
Peter Finke

PART III: AFRICA

Chapter 8. Forms and Modalities of Property Rights in Cattle in a Fulbe Society (Western Burkina Faso)
Youssouf Diallo

Chapter 9. Individualization of Livestock Ownership in Fulbe Family Herds: The Effects of Pastoral Intensification and Islamic Renewal in Northern Cameroon
Mark Moritz

Chapter 10. From Cultural Property to Market Goods: Changes in the Economic Strategies and Herd Management Rationales of Agro-Pastoral Fulbe in North West Cameroon
Michaela Pelican

Chapter 11. Fulbe Pastoralists and the Changing Property Relations in Northern Ghana
Steve Tonah

Chapter 12. Multiple Rights in Animals: An East African Overview
Günther Schlee

Notes on Contributors
Bibliography
Index