How Enemies Are Made

In popular perception cultural differences or ethnic affiliation are factors that cause conflict or political fragmentation although this is not borne out by historical evidence. This book puts forward an alternative conflict theory. The author develops a decision theory which explains the conditions under which differing types of identification are preferred. Group identification is linked to competition for resources like water, territory, oil, political charges, or other advantages. Rivalry for resources can cause conflicts but it does not explain who takes whose side in a conflict situation. This book explores possibilities of reducing violent conflicts and ends with a case study, based on personal experience of the author, of conflict resolution.

In popular perception cultural differences or ethnic affiliation are factors that cause conflict or political fragmentation although this is not borne out by historical evidence. This book puts forward an alternative conflict theory. The author develops a decision theory which explains the conditions under which differing types of identification are preferred. Group identification is linked to competition for resources like water, territory, oil, political charges, or other advantages. Rivalry for resources can cause conflicts but it does not explain who takes whose side in a conflict situation. This book explores possibilities of reducing violent conflicts and ends with a case study, based on personal experience of the author, of conflict resolution.

PART I: INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1. Why we Need a New Conflict Theory
Chapter 2. The Question
Chapter 3. How this Volume is Organised

PART II: THEORETICAL FRAME

Chapter 4. A Decision Theory of Identification
Chapter 5. The Necessity for Strategies of Inclusion and Exclusion
Chapter 6. The Conceptual Instruments of Exclusion and Inclusion: Social Categories and their Overlapping Relations
Chapter 7. On the Sociologisation of Economics and the Economisation of Sociology
Chapter 8. Markets of Violence and the Freedom of Choice
Chapter 9. Ethnicity Emblems, Diacritical Features, Identity Markers – Some East African Examples
Chapter 10. Purity and Power in Islamic and Non-Islamic Societies and the Spectre of Fundamentalism
Chapter 11. Language and Ethnicity

PART III: PRACTICAL FRAME

Chapter 12. Conflict Resolution: the Experience with the Somali Peace Process
Chapter 13. On Methods: How to be a Conflict Analyst
Chapter 14. An Update from 2007: Reconsidering the Peace Process

List of Acronyms
References
Index