The Flipped Classroom Volume 2: Results from Practice

Jennifer L. Muzyka received her B.S. from University of Dallas and her PhD in organic chemistry from University of Texas, Austin. She began her college teaching career at Roanoke College. Later she moved to Centre College in Kentucky, where she is currently H.W. Stodghill Jr. and Adele H. Stodghill Professor of Chemistry. Muzyka leads workshops on Active Learning in Organic Chemistry and serves on the leadership board for OrganicERs, an online community for organicchemistry educators (organicers.org). She also serves on the ACS Division of Chemical Education's Committee on Computers for Chemical Education, currently as committee co-chair.

Christopher Luker received his B.S. in chemistry from Allegheny College and his M.A. in Education from The University of Akron. He currently teaches college-preparatory and Advanced Placement chemistry at Highland High School in Medina, Ohio. He has been involved in flipped classroom pedagogy since 2008 and has been involved in numerous local, regional, and national events on the flipped classroom. Luker is currently a doctoral student at Kent State University, where his research interests are
related to the metacognitive aspects of the flipped classroom experience.

The "flipped classroom" has become the new buzzword not only among educators but also in the general public, with articles in USA Today, Washington Post, and The New York Times discussing this pedagogical approach. Simply stated, the flipped classroom is a high tech variation on a pedagogical method that has been around for generations. The time honored Socratic method aims to actively engage students with instructors asking them
questions, leading them down a path where they are encouraged to see the connections between ideas. Additionally, flipped classrooms resemble the Thayer method, which expects students to take responsibility for their own learning by studying material before it is covered in class.

Chemistry professors who teach in flipped classrooms embrace a variety of learning theories to guide their implementations. Most chemists who use active learning approaches in their classrooms value some aspect of constructivism theory, in which learners must begin their understanding of the concepts in their pre-class assignments. Later, students apply the concepts in class using active learning methods. For this book, the authors define the flipped classroom as one where students gain
exposure to course content before class and the face-to-face time involves active learning.

Experimenting with flipped classrooms, like any new pedagogical technique, can be overwhelming, particularly if there is little external impetus to instigate reforms. Significant course changes are undeniably hard and can require a substantial investment of time. However, studies increasingly show flipping to be worth the effort for students. The chapters in Volume 2 of this collection provide further data about how flipping influenced their students' learning.

The flipped classroom is a variation on a pedagogical method that has been around for generations. In the flipped classroom, students gain exposure to course content before class and the face-to-face time involves active learning. This pedagogical method is part of the larger effort to reform chemical education in ways that improve students' knowledge of chemistry.