Parkinson’s Disease

"As a quick, user-friendly reference, this book covers all aspects of effectively managing patients with Parkinson's disease, with discussions of symptoms, causes, patient evaluation, and home care adviceÖ.Nurses, physicians, and associated healthcare professions from rehabilitation specialists to social workers will find this an excellent source of information on the many aspects of care of Parkinson's disease patients."

--Doody's

This book serves as a practical compendium on the management issues related to Parkinson's disease (PD). As a quick, user-friendly reference, the book covers all aspects of effectively managing PD, with discussions of symptoms, causes of PD, patient evaluation, and home care advice.

Conveniently organized in bullet-point, encyclopedic format, Parkinson's Disease is the comprehensive, one-stop reference for health professionals treating patients with PD.

Four key sections:

• Problems presents guidelines on addressing complications that occur during the disease process, including anxiety, hallucinations, depression, vision problems, and more
• Evaluation discusses the numerous patient evaluations required throughout the duration of the illness, such as genetic testing, brain imaging, speech and swallowing evaluation, and more
• Treatment presents both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment approaches for patients with PD
• Appendices include supplemental reading, medication tools and assessment scales, rating scales, and additional notes

Nurses, primary care doctors, and associated health care professionals--from rehabilitation specialists to social workers--will find Parkinson's Disease the one reference they cannot do without.

I Problems
Related to disease process, complications of therapy, and/or coexisting conditions
Anxiety
Apathy
Caregiver Role Strain
Compulsive Disorders
Constipation
Depression
Drooling
Dyskinesia
Dystonia
Fatigue
Freezing
Hallucinations
Leg Swelling
Micrographia
Motor Fluctuations
Numbness and Tingling
Orthostatic Hypotension (Low blood pressure)
Pain in Parkinson's Disease
Postural Instability
Psychosis
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Self-Care Deficit
Sexual Dysfunction
Shortness of Breath
Sleep Problems
Social Isolation
Speech Problems
Swallowing Problems
Tremor
Urinary Dysfunction
Vision Problems
Walking/Gait Abnormalities
Weight Loss/Gain

II EVALUATION
Genetic Testing in Parkinson's Disease
Imaging
Neurological Evaluation
Neuro-Ophthalmology Consultation
Neurophysiological Studies
Neuropsychological Evaluation
Nutritional Consultation
Parkinson Disease Rating Scales
Sleep Studies
Speech Evaluation
Swallowing Evaluation
Urological Testing in Parkinson's Disease

III TREATMENT
A.Pharmacological Management
Goals of Therapy
Special Considerations for Healthcare Professionals

Agents used for motor control
Amantadine (SYMMETRELÆ)
Apomorphine (APOKYNÆ)
Benztropine (COGENTINÆ)
Bromocriptine (PARLODELÆ)
Carbidopa/Levodopa (SINEMETÆ, PARCOPAÆ)
Entacapone (COMTANÆ, STALEVOÆ)
Pramipexole (MIRAPEXÆ)
Rasagiline (AZILECTÆ)
Ropinirole (REQUIPÆ)
Rotigotine (NEUPROÆ)
Selegiline (ELDEPRYLÆ, DEPRENYLÆZELAPARÆ)
Tolcapone (TASMARÆ)
Trihexyphenidyl (ARTANEÆ)

Agents used for depression in Parkinson's Disease
Sertraline (ZOLOFTÆ)
Paroxetine (PAXILÆ)
Citalopram (CELEXAÆ)
Escitalopram (LEXAPROÆ)

Other Agents used for depression in Parkinson's Disease
Bupropion (WELLBUTRINÆ)
Duloxetine (CYMBALTAÆ)
Venlafaxine (EFFEXORÆ)
Mirtazapine (REMERONÆ)
Trazodone (DESYRELÆ)
Tricyclic Anti-Depressants (TCA)

Agents used for cognitive problems in Parkinson's Disease
Donepezil (ARICEPTÆ)
Galantamine (RAZADYNEÆ)
Memantine (NAMENDAÆ)
Rivastigmine (EXELONÆ)

Agents used for dystonia
Botulinum toxin (BOTOXÆ MYOBLOCÆ)

Agents commonly used for gastrointestinal disturbances
Constipation
Lubiprostone (AMITIZAÆ)
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) (MIRALAXÆ)
Senna (SENAKOTÆ)
Nausea
Trimethobenzamide (TIGANÆ)

Agents commonly used for skin conditions in Parkinson's Disease
Bethamethasone
Fluocinolone topical (CAPEXÆ shampoo)
Hydrocortisone topical
Ketoconazole (NIZORALÆ)
Pimecrolimus topical (ELIDELÆ)
Salicylic acid/sulfur topical (SEBULEXÆ shampoo)
Selenium (SELSUNÆ)
Tacrolimus (PROTOPICÆ)

Agents used for urinary problems associated with Parkinson's Disease
Oxybutynin (OXYTROLÆ, DITROPANÆ, DITROPAN XLÆ)
Tolterodine (DETROLÆ DETROL LAÆ)
Solifenacin (VESICAREÆ)
Darifenacin(ENABLEXÆ)

Antipsychotic agents best tolerated in Parkinson's Disease
Clozapine (CLOZARILÆ)
Quetiapine (SEROQUELÆ)

Additional agents prescribed to treat secondary symptoms of Parkinson's disease
Fludrocortisone (FLORINEFÆ)
Anxiolytics
Erectile Dysfunction AgentsHydroxypropyl methylcellulose (NATURE'S TEARSÆ)
Sleep Medications in Parkinson's Disease
Zolpidem (AMBIENÆ), Zolpidem controlled release (AMBIEN CRÆ)
Eszopliclone (LUNESTAÆ)
Zaleplon (SONATAÆ)
Ramelteon (ROZEREMÆ)

Agents for Blood Pressure in Parkinson's disease
Fludrocortisone (FLORINEFÆ)
Midodrine (PROAMATINEÆ)
Modafinil (PROVIGILÆ)
Propranolol (INDERALÆ)

Agents Contraindicated in Parkinson's disease
Medications that block or decrease dopamine and can worsen Parkinson symptoms
Medications that should not be taken in combination with levodopa
Medications that should not be used with MAO-B Inhibitors selegiline (EldeprylÆ, ZelaparÆ) and rasagiline (AzilectÆ)

B. Non-Pharmacological Management

Care Settings in Parkinson's Disease
Adult Day Health Programs
Assisted Living Communities
Emergency Room Care
Home Care
Hospitalization
Long Term Care
Movement Disorder Centers
Palliative/End of Life Care

Complimentary Therapies
Acupuncture
Chelation Therapy
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)
Curcumin (Tumeric)
DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone)
Glutathione
Massage Therapy
Tai Chi
Vitamin E and C

Education and Support
Lay Organizations
Professional Organizations
Support Groups
Information on Parkinson Disease Research Studies and Clinical Trials
Physical Therapy
Psychosocial Support
Occupational Therapy
Sleep Hygiene
Speech Language Pathology
Surgery for Parkinson's Disease
Deep Brain Stimulation

IV APPENDIX
Supplemental Reading
Medication Tools and Assessment Scales
Rating Scales
Additional Notes
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