Whose Middle Ages?

Whose Middle Ages? is an interdisciplinary collection of short, accessible essays intended for the nonspecialist reader and ideal for teaching at an undergraduate level. Each of twenty-two essays takes up an area where digging for meaning in the medieval past has brought something distorted back into the present: in our popular entertainment; in our news, our politics, and our propaganda; and in subtler ways that inform how we think about our histories, our countries, and ourselves. Each author looks to a history that has refused to remain past and uses the tools of the academy to read and re-read familiar stories, objects, symbols, and myths.

Whose Middle Ages? gives nonspecialists access to the richness of our historical knowledge while debunking damaging misconceptions about the medieval past. Myths about the medieval period are especially beloved among the globally resurgent far right, from crusading emblems on the shields borne by alt-right demonstrators to the on-screen image of a purely white European populace defended from actors of color by Internet trolls. This collection attacks these myths directly by insisting that readers encounter the relics of the Middle Ages on their own terms.

Each essay uses its author’s academic research as a point of entry and takes care to explain how the author knows what she or he knows and what kinds of tools, bodies of evidence, and theoretical lenses allow scholars to write with certainty about elements of the past to a level of detail that might seem unattainable. By demystifying the methods of scholarly inquiry, Whose Middle Ages? serves as an antidote not only to the far right’s errors of fact and interpretation but also to its assault on scholarship and expertise as valid means for the acquisition of knowledge.

Introduction
David Perry | 1

Part I – Stories

The Invisible Peasantry
Sandy Bardsley | 14

The Hidden Narratives of Medieval Art
Katherine Anne Wilson | 23

Modern Intolerance and the Medieval Crusades
Nicholas L. Paul | 34

Blood Libel, a Lie and Its Legacies
Magda Teter | 44

Who’s Afraid of Shari‘a Law?
Fred M. Donner | 58

How Do We Find Out About Immigrants in Later Medieval England?
W. Mark Ormrod | 69

The Middle Ages in the Harlem Renaissance
Cord J. Whitaker | 80

Part II – Origins

Three Ways of Misreading Thomas Jefferson’s Qur’an
Ryan Szpiech | 94

The Nazi Middle Ages
William J. Diebold | 104

What Would Benedict Do?
Lauren Mancia | 116

No, People in the Middle East Haven’t Been Fighting Since the Beginning of Time
Stephennie Mulder | 127

Ivory and the Ties That Bind
Sarah M. Guérin | 140

Blackness, Whiteness, and the Idea of Race in Medieval European Art
Pamela A. Patton | 154

England Between Empire and Nation in “The Battle of Brunanburh”
Elizabeth M. Tyler | 166

Whose Spain Is It, Anyway?
David A. Wacks | 181

Part III – #Hashtags

Modern Knights, Medieval Snails, and Naughty Nuns
Marian Bleeke | 196

Charting Sexuality and Stopping Sin
Andrew Reeves | 208

“Celtic” Crosses and the Myth of Whiteness
Maggie M. Williams | 220

Whitewashing the “Real” Middle Ages in Popular Media
Helen Young | 233

Real Men of the Viking Age
Will Cerbone | 243

#DeusVult
Adam M. Bishop | 256

Own Your Heresy
J. Patrick Hornbeck II | 265

Afterword: Medievalists and the Education of Desire
Geraldine Heng | 275

Appendixes

Appendix I: Possibilities for Teaching—by Genre | 293

Appendix II: Possibilities for Teaching—by Course Theme | 296

List of Contributors | 301